Our identity is defined by what we remember. Memories guide our daily existence through complex processes and structured memory systems. While some memories appear crystallized over time, others dissolve quickly or are modified under the influence of external factors. Although human memory seems adequate to support most of our daily activities, it is not infallible. We rarely question its reliability, as small errors or occasional lapses are generally tolerated. However, in formal situations such as giving testimony in a trial, we may realize how challenging it is to recall every detail of an experienced event with accuracy. Additionally, our memory may falter under the pressure of misleading questions from a legal official, revealing unexpected fragility. This occurs because human memory has a series of limitations in its normal functioning that, in the collective imagination, are often underestimated or ignored. In this thesis, we will focus on the phenomenon of false memories, which shows that the process of remembering and recounting an experience is not solely reconstructive but also reproductive. We will examine this phenomenon by delving into how the complex interaction between the processes regulating memory function and the contextual factors intrinsic to courtroom testimony can contribute to the formation of distorted or inaccurate recollections. In particular, we will analyze aspects of the interrogation techniques and interview styles commonly used by law enforcement, highlighting how these may negatively affect the accuracy of testimony. Finally, we will propose a set of guidelines for investigators aimed at preserving the original memory of the witness and the suspect, with the ultimate goal of ensuring greater efficiency within the legal system.
La nostra identità è definita da ciò che ricordiamo. I ricordi orientano la nostra esistenza quotidiana mediante complessi processi e sistemi strutturati di memoria. Anche se la memoria umana sembrerebbe in grado di supportare adeguatamente le maggior parte delle nostre attività quotidiane, essa non è infallibile. Raramente ci interroghiamo sulla sua affidabilità, poiché piccoli errori o occasionali dimenticanze vengono generalmente tollerati. Tuttavia, in situazioni formali come una testimonianza processuale, potremmo realizzare quanto complesso sia ricordare con precisione ogni dettaglio di un evento vissuto. La nostra memoria potrebbe vacillare di fronte a domande incalzanti o fuorvianti poste da un funzionario di giustizia, rivelando così i suoi limiti. Ciò accade perché essa presenta una serie di limitazioni nel suo normale funzionamento che sono frequentemente sottovalutate o ignorate. In questa tesi compilativa ci soffermeremo sul fenomeno delle false memorie, le quali evidenziano come il processo di ricordare e raccontare un’esperienza non sia unicamente ricostruttivo, ma anche riproduttivo. Analizzeremo tale fenomeno approfondendo come l’interazione complessa tra i processi che regolano il funzionamento della memoria e i fattori contestuali propri della testimonianza processuale possa favorire la formazione di ricordi distorti o inaccurati. Esamineremo, in particolare, gli aspetti delle tecniche di interrogatorio e degli stili di intervista più comunemente adottati dalle forze dell’ordine, ponendo in evidenza in che modo possano influire negativamente sull’accuratezza della testimonianza. Infine, proporremo un insieme di linee guida destinate agli inquirenti, volte a preservare l’integrità del ricordo originario del testimone e dell’indagato, con l’obiettivo ultimo di garantire una maggiore efficienza del sistema giuridico.
“False memorie nella testimonianza processuale: panoramica del fenomeno e strategie per contrastarlo”
ANDREINI, FEDERICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Our identity is defined by what we remember. Memories guide our daily existence through complex processes and structured memory systems. While some memories appear crystallized over time, others dissolve quickly or are modified under the influence of external factors. Although human memory seems adequate to support most of our daily activities, it is not infallible. We rarely question its reliability, as small errors or occasional lapses are generally tolerated. However, in formal situations such as giving testimony in a trial, we may realize how challenging it is to recall every detail of an experienced event with accuracy. Additionally, our memory may falter under the pressure of misleading questions from a legal official, revealing unexpected fragility. This occurs because human memory has a series of limitations in its normal functioning that, in the collective imagination, are often underestimated or ignored. In this thesis, we will focus on the phenomenon of false memories, which shows that the process of remembering and recounting an experience is not solely reconstructive but also reproductive. We will examine this phenomenon by delving into how the complex interaction between the processes regulating memory function and the contextual factors intrinsic to courtroom testimony can contribute to the formation of distorted or inaccurate recollections. In particular, we will analyze aspects of the interrogation techniques and interview styles commonly used by law enforcement, highlighting how these may negatively affect the accuracy of testimony. Finally, we will propose a set of guidelines for investigators aimed at preserving the original memory of the witness and the suspect, with the ultimate goal of ensuring greater efficiency within the legal system.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Magistrale_Andreini_Federica.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi di laurea magistrale di Federica Andreini
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/27027