In the last decades, Preferential Trade Agreements have been on the rise among developing countries, although with different aims. In this dissertation I draw a comparison between selected PTAs in Africa and Latin America, analysing trade statistics and performing a gravity model to assess trade creation and diversion effects. The findings can be summarised as follows: African PTAs were established with a pan-African political view in sight, rather than with a focus on economic goals. Latin American PTAs are characterized by an outward orientation, rather than by intra-regional trade promotion only. Among the selected PTAs, SADC and MERCOSUR are the most effective in promoting intra-regional trade. ECOWAS and CARICOM are also effective in promoting trade, but with weaker evidence. The Andean Community’s effects are more ambiguous. On average, trade diversion effects are more likely in Latin American PTAs than they are in Africa.
Negli ultimi decenni, le aree di commercio preferenziale ("Preferential Trade Agreements", PTAs) sono cresciute tra i paesi in via di sviluppo, con diversi obiettivi. In questa tesi vengono messe a confronto alcune aree di commercio preferenziale africane e latinoamericane, attraverso l’analisi dei dati commerciali e l’utilizzo di un modello gravitazionale per verificarne la creazione e la deviazione di flussi commerciali. I risultati principali sono i seguenti: le aree africane sono state istituite con una visione politica pan-africana, invece che con obiettivi economici. Le aree latinoamericane si caratterizzano per un orientamento rivolto all’esterno, invece che rivolto alla promozione del commercio intra-regionale. Tra le aree analizzate, SADC e MERCOSUR sono le più efficaci nella promozione del commercio intraregionale. ECOWAS e CARICOM sono anch’esse efficienti nella creazione di flussi commerciali, ma con risultati meno significativi. Gli effetti della Comunità Andina sono più ambigui. In generale, la deviazione dei flussi commerciali è più probabile e presente tra le aree commerciali latinoamericane
Free Trade Areas in Developing Economies: A Comparison between Africa and Latin America
DOZIO, FRANCESCA
2019/2020
Abstract
In the last decades, Preferential Trade Agreements have been on the rise among developing countries, although with different aims. In this dissertation I draw a comparison between selected PTAs in Africa and Latin America, analysing trade statistics and performing a gravity model to assess trade creation and diversion effects. The findings can be summarised as follows: African PTAs were established with a pan-African political view in sight, rather than with a focus on economic goals. Latin American PTAs are characterized by an outward orientation, rather than by intra-regional trade promotion only. Among the selected PTAs, SADC and MERCOSUR are the most effective in promoting intra-regional trade. ECOWAS and CARICOM are also effective in promoting trade, but with weaker evidence. The Andean Community’s effects are more ambiguous. On average, trade diversion effects are more likely in Latin American PTAs than they are in Africa.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/271