The coronavirus pandemic is an event that has marked human history forever, not only for its capacity of spreading exponentially higher than past pandemics, as the Bubonic Plague of the mid XIV century and the Spanish Flu from early 1900s (Liang, Liang, & Rosen, 2021), due globalization, or the severe damages and losses it caused to families, healthcare organizations and the economy, but also for the attempts of a significant number of individuals worldwide who searched for a fast solution and the best practices to minimize the advance of the virus. However, even though the efforts and dedication were admirable, it is undeniable that there is room for improvements in all aspects of the management of the crisis, evidenced by the late notification of Chinese authorities towards the discovery of a new disease, passing by the tardy answer of most nations to impose policies to better fight back COVID (Forman, Atun, McKee, & Mossialos, 2020), as well as the misinformation disseminated in social media that encouraged anti-vaccination movements and the application of medicine without previous approval or studies against the virus (Ortega & Orsini, 2020). Scanning the practices with the most positive impact related to leadership management and transparency, to mitigate the outcomes of the pandemic, would assist in the development of a guideline for healthcare institutions on how to be better prepared for external environmental changes, as COVID-19. Having this in mind, the goal of this thesis is to analyze two different healthcare institutions, the first being Italian and the second Brazilian, having these organizations been chosen in reason of their regional importance, similar size, and for the personal reason of being in the regions where my academic life was constructed, Lombardia and Rio Grande do Sul. During the development of this work, the Italian institution is referred as Institution Alpha or Hospital Alpha, while the Brazilian is referred as Institution Beta or Hospital Beta, in this way there’s a guarantee that both are ethically protected, and their insights is not openly exposed. Understanding how governmental policies concerning the pandemic affected these organizations and what additional internal policies were applied (if there was any) concerning management and transparency of the crisis permits the comparison of culturally diverse nations and the acknowledgment of what were the lessons learned by the leaders and which actions went well or not, to provide prospects for future situations of stress and help the administration in scenarios with these circumstances, benefiting both organizations by the usage of data of the other. All the results presented in this work were based on a survey developed by the author, which was sent to both institutions in their native language, Portuguese, and Italian, with the objective of facilitating the comprehension of those who read the form. As the pandemic was not yet over during the development of this paper, it is recommendable to verify the date of each data referenced, and since coronavirus’ consequences in the long run are yet to be discovered, it is important to point out that this research was developed during the end of 2021 and through most of 2022. Hopefully, it can help leaders of different institutions to understand the actions of others and the possible outcomes of the referenced measures.
La pandemia di coronavirus è un evento che ha segnato per sempre la storia dell'umanità, non solo per la sua capacità di diffondersi in modo esponenzialmente superiore a pandemie passate, come la peste bubbonica della metà del XIV secolo e l'influenza spagnola dei primi del 1900 (Liang, Liang, & Rosen, 2021), a causa della globalizzazione, o dei gravi danni e perdite che ha causato alle famiglie, alle organizzazioni sanitarie e all'economia, ma anche per i tentativi di un numero significativo di individui in tutto il mondo che hanno cercato una soluzione rapida e le migliori pratiche per ridurre al minimo l'avanzata della il virus. Tuttavia, anche se gli sforzi e la dedizione sono stati ammirevoli, è innegabile che vi siano margini di miglioramento in tutti gli aspetti della gestione della crisi, testimoniato dalla notifica tardiva delle autorità cinesi verso la scoperta di una nuova malattia, passando per la tardiva risposta della maggior parte delle nazioni per imporre politiche per combattere meglio COVID (Forman, Atun, McKee e Mossialos, 2020), così come la disinformazione diffusa nei social media che ha incoraggiato i movimenti anti-vaccinazione e l'applicazione della medicina senza previa approvazione o studi contro il virus (Ortega & Orsini, 2020). Analizzare le pratiche con l'impatto più positivo relative alla gestione della leadership e alla trasparenza, per mitigare gli esiti della pandemia, contribuirebbe allo sviluppo di una linea guida per le istituzioni sanitarie su come essere meglio preparati ai cambiamenti ambientali esterni, come COVID-19. Ciò premesso, l'obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di analizzare due diverse istituzioni sanitarie, la prima italiana e la seconda brasiliana, avendo scelto queste organizzazioni in ragione della loro importanza regionale, dimensioni simili, e per la ragione personale di essere in le regioni in cui si è costruita la mia vita accademica, la Lombardia e il Rio Grande do Sul. Durante lo sviluppo di questo lavoro, l'istituzione italiana è indicata come Institution Alpha o Hospital Alpha, mentre quella brasiliana è indicata come Institution Beta o Hospital Beta, in questo modo c'è la garanzia che entrambe siano eticamente protette e le loro intuizioni non siano esposte apertamente . Comprendere in che modo le politiche governative riguardanti la pandemia hanno influito su queste organizzazioni e quali ulteriori politiche interne sono state applicate (se ce ne sono state) in materia di gestione e trasparenza della crisi consente il confronto tra nazioni culturalmente diverse e il riconoscimento di quali sono state le lezioni apprese dai leader e quali azioni sono andate bene o no, per fornire prospettive per future situazioni di stress e aiutare l'amministrazione in scenari con queste circostanze, avvantaggiando entrambe le organizzazioni mediante l'utilizzo dei dati dell'altra. Tutti i risultati presentati in questo lavoro si basano su un sondaggio sviluppato dall'autore, che è stato inviato a entrambe le istituzioni nella loro lingua madre, portoghese e italiano, con l'obiettivo di facilitare la comprensione di coloro che leggono il modulo. Poiché la pandemia non era ancora terminata durante lo sviluppo di questo documento, è consigliabile verificare la data di ciascun dato a cui si fa riferimento e poiché le conseguenze del coronavirus a lungo termine devono ancora essere scoperte, è importante sottolineare che questa ricerca è stato sviluppato durante la fine del 2021 e per la maggior parte del 2022. Si spera che possa aiutare i leader di diverse istituzioni a comprendere le azioni degli altri e i possibili risultati delle misure di riferimento.
Leadership e trasparenza nella gestione sanitaria durante la pandemia di COVID-19 – Panoramica di due organizzazioni
PEREIRA NOVELLO, MATHEUS
2021/2022
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic is an event that has marked human history forever, not only for its capacity of spreading exponentially higher than past pandemics, as the Bubonic Plague of the mid XIV century and the Spanish Flu from early 1900s (Liang, Liang, & Rosen, 2021), due globalization, or the severe damages and losses it caused to families, healthcare organizations and the economy, but also for the attempts of a significant number of individuals worldwide who searched for a fast solution and the best practices to minimize the advance of the virus. However, even though the efforts and dedication were admirable, it is undeniable that there is room for improvements in all aspects of the management of the crisis, evidenced by the late notification of Chinese authorities towards the discovery of a new disease, passing by the tardy answer of most nations to impose policies to better fight back COVID (Forman, Atun, McKee, & Mossialos, 2020), as well as the misinformation disseminated in social media that encouraged anti-vaccination movements and the application of medicine without previous approval or studies against the virus (Ortega & Orsini, 2020). Scanning the practices with the most positive impact related to leadership management and transparency, to mitigate the outcomes of the pandemic, would assist in the development of a guideline for healthcare institutions on how to be better prepared for external environmental changes, as COVID-19. Having this in mind, the goal of this thesis is to analyze two different healthcare institutions, the first being Italian and the second Brazilian, having these organizations been chosen in reason of their regional importance, similar size, and for the personal reason of being in the regions where my academic life was constructed, Lombardia and Rio Grande do Sul. During the development of this work, the Italian institution is referred as Institution Alpha or Hospital Alpha, while the Brazilian is referred as Institution Beta or Hospital Beta, in this way there’s a guarantee that both are ethically protected, and their insights is not openly exposed. Understanding how governmental policies concerning the pandemic affected these organizations and what additional internal policies were applied (if there was any) concerning management and transparency of the crisis permits the comparison of culturally diverse nations and the acknowledgment of what were the lessons learned by the leaders and which actions went well or not, to provide prospects for future situations of stress and help the administration in scenarios with these circumstances, benefiting both organizations by the usage of data of the other. All the results presented in this work were based on a survey developed by the author, which was sent to both institutions in their native language, Portuguese, and Italian, with the objective of facilitating the comprehension of those who read the form. As the pandemic was not yet over during the development of this paper, it is recommendable to verify the date of each data referenced, and since coronavirus’ consequences in the long run are yet to be discovered, it is important to point out that this research was developed during the end of 2021 and through most of 2022. Hopefully, it can help leaders of different institutions to understand the actions of others and the possible outcomes of the referenced measures.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/2787