This thesis aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the European regulatory framework concerning the obligations and responsibilities of digital platforms, with particular emphasis on the significant evolution introduced by the adoption of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). These regulations have substantially reformed the previous legal regime established by the E-commerce Directive 2000/31/EC, introducing new provisions on liability, algorithmic transparency obligations, and sanctioning mechanisms. The research particularly examines the enhanced role of the European Commission within digital governance, highlighting the expansion of its competencies in direct supervision over very large online platforms (VLOPs), as well as coordination mechanisms with national authorities through the European Board for Digital Services. Additionally, the thesis provides a detailed exploration of new procedural and sanctioning tools designed to ensure effective compliance by platforms with regulatory provisions, emphasizing a paradigmatic shift away from the previously reactive regulatory approach. A central element of the thesis involves a comparative analysis of judgments by the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the Airbnb Ireland and Uber Spain cases, aimed at clarifying the different legal classifications attributed to the digital services in question. Specifically, the Airbnb Ireland case resulted in the platform being qualified as an information society service, thus benefiting from a regime of limited liability, while Uber Spain was classified as a transport service, leading to the application of stricter and sector-specific regulation. The thesis critically explores the legal and regulatory implications stemming from these judgments, highlighting how the criteria adopted by the Court have significantly impacted the practical implementation of European and national legislation. This analysis is enriched by concrete case studies, including that of Aosom Italy Srl, illustrating how the regulations are applied in real contexts and highlighting the main operational challenges encountered by digital platforms and competent authorities. Finally, the research concludes that the transition from the E-commerce Directive to the new regulatory framework represented by the DSA and DMA marks a decisive shift towards a proactive regulatory approach aimed at balancing technological innovation with the protection of traditional markets. Furthermore, it emphasizes the crucial importance of effective collaboration between European institutions and national authorities to ensure proper and coherent implementation of provisions, promote fair competition, and foster sustainable development within the digital sector.
La presente tesi si propone di analizzare in modo approfondito il quadro normativo europeo concernente gli obblighi e le responsabilità delle piattaforme digitali, con particolare attenzione all'evoluzione significativa introdotta dall'adozione del Digital Services Act (DSA) e del Digital Markets Act (DMA). Tali regolamenti hanno sostanzialmente riformato il regime giuridico precedente, delineato dalla Direttiva e-commerce 2000/31/CE, introducendo nuove disposizioni in materia di responsabilità, obblighi di trasparenza algoritmica e sistemi sanzionatori. Nell'elaborato si esamina con particolare attenzione il ruolo assunto dalla Commissione Europea nell'ambito della governance digitale, sottolineando l'ampliamento delle competenze in materia di supervisione diretta sulle piattaforme digitali di grandi dimensioni (VLOP), nonché i meccanismi di coordinamento con le autorità nazionali attraverso il Comitato Europeo per i Servizi Digitali. Inoltre, vengono trattati in modo dettagliato i nuovi strumenti procedurali e sanzionatori predisposti per assicurare l'effettiva conformità delle piattaforme alle disposizioni normative, evidenziando il cambiamento paradigmatico rispetto al precedente approccio normativo prevalentemente reattivo. Un elemento centrale della ricerca riguarda l'analisi comparativa delle sentenze della Corte di Giustizia dell'Unione Europea relative ai casi Airbnb Ireland e Uber Spain, finalizzata a chiarire la differente qualificazione giuridica attribuita ai servizi digitali in oggetto. Nello specifico, il caso Airbnb Ireland ha comportato la qualificazione della piattaforma come servizio della società dell'informazione, beneficiando pertanto di un regime di responsabilità limitata, mentre Uber Spain è stato classificato come servizio di trasporto, comportando l'applicazione di una disciplina settoriale più rigorosa e specifica. La tesi approfondisce criticamente le implicazioni giuridiche e regolatorie derivanti da tali sentenze, evidenziando come i criteri adottati dalla Corte abbiano avuto ripercussioni significative sull'attuazione pratica delle normative europee e nazionali. Tale analisi è arricchita da casi di studio concreti, tra cui quello relativo ad Aosom Italy Srl, che illustrano le modalità di applicazione delle norme in contesti reali e le principali problematiche operative riscontrate dalle piattaforme digitali e dalle autorità competenti. Infine, la ricerca conclude che il passaggio dalla Direttiva e-commerce al nuovo quadro regolatorio rappresentato dal DSA e dal DMA costituisce una svolta decisiva verso un approccio normativo proattivo, finalizzato a bilanciare l'esigenza di favorire l'innovazione tecnologica con la necessità di tutela dei mercati tradizionali. Viene, inoltre, enfatizzata la fondamentale importanza di un'efficace collaborazione tra istituzioni europee e autorità nazionali per garantire una corretta e coerente implementazione delle disposizioni, promuovere una competizione equa e favorire lo sviluppo sostenibile del settore digitale.
Obblighi e Responsabilità delle Piattaforme Digitali: L’Evoluzione del Ruolo della Commissione Europea nel Contesto del Digital Services Act, con Analisi dei Casi Airbnb Ireland e Uber Spain
CHIRIAC, LILIANA
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the European regulatory framework concerning the obligations and responsibilities of digital platforms, with particular emphasis on the significant evolution introduced by the adoption of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). These regulations have substantially reformed the previous legal regime established by the E-commerce Directive 2000/31/EC, introducing new provisions on liability, algorithmic transparency obligations, and sanctioning mechanisms. The research particularly examines the enhanced role of the European Commission within digital governance, highlighting the expansion of its competencies in direct supervision over very large online platforms (VLOPs), as well as coordination mechanisms with national authorities through the European Board for Digital Services. Additionally, the thesis provides a detailed exploration of new procedural and sanctioning tools designed to ensure effective compliance by platforms with regulatory provisions, emphasizing a paradigmatic shift away from the previously reactive regulatory approach. A central element of the thesis involves a comparative analysis of judgments by the Court of Justice of the European Union regarding the Airbnb Ireland and Uber Spain cases, aimed at clarifying the different legal classifications attributed to the digital services in question. Specifically, the Airbnb Ireland case resulted in the platform being qualified as an information society service, thus benefiting from a regime of limited liability, while Uber Spain was classified as a transport service, leading to the application of stricter and sector-specific regulation. The thesis critically explores the legal and regulatory implications stemming from these judgments, highlighting how the criteria adopted by the Court have significantly impacted the practical implementation of European and national legislation. This analysis is enriched by concrete case studies, including that of Aosom Italy Srl, illustrating how the regulations are applied in real contexts and highlighting the main operational challenges encountered by digital platforms and competent authorities. Finally, the research concludes that the transition from the E-commerce Directive to the new regulatory framework represented by the DSA and DMA marks a decisive shift towards a proactive regulatory approach aimed at balancing technological innovation with the protection of traditional markets. Furthermore, it emphasizes the crucial importance of effective collaboration between European institutions and national authorities to ensure proper and coherent implementation of provisions, promote fair competition, and foster sustainable development within the digital sector.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/29176