Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen responsible for a broad spectrum of infections, some of which are even life-threatening, and the disease treatment can be very challenging due to its multiple resistance to antibiotics. The expression of cell wall anchored proteins is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms. Indeed, through these proteins named adhesins, S. aureus manages to adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces and may cause infections. In this study, the interaction between SdrC, an adhesin belonging to the MSCRAMM family, and plasminogen (Plg), a circulating protein in human plasma, was investigated. The experiments chosen to characterise the interaction between SdrC and Plg were based on the application of biochemical techniques such as affinity chromatography, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, western blot and dot blot. These in vitro tests allowed us to discover a strong binding-affinity between N2N3 subdomains of SdrC and Plg, whereas a milder one was evidenced between SdrCN2 or SdrCN3 and Plg, suggesting a binding mechanism different from the dock, lock and latch model usually adopted by MSCRAMM proteins. It was observed that the SdrC – Plg interaction involves lysin binding sites (LBS) showed on Plg and it is influenced by the presence of MgCl2. Experiments conducted on S. aureus MRSA-252-WT and MRSA-252-∆sdrC strains confirmed the role of SdrC in binding to Plg also at the cellular level. It was also shown that Plg bound to SdrC can be activated to plasmin (Pln) by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and retains its proteolytic activity against fibrinogen (Fbg) and the chromogenic substrate S2251. Finally, among other plasma proteins tested, a selective affinity of SdrC for vitronectin (Vn) was observed. These results contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions mediated by the SdrC protein and offer a preliminary basis for further investigations.
Staphylococcus aureus è un patogeno opportunista Gram-positivo responsabile di un ampio spettro di infezioni, anche gravi, ed è particolarmente difficile da trattare per via della sua multipla resistenza agli antibiotici. L’espressione di proteine sulla superficie cellulare (CWA) è uno dei meccanismi patogenetici principali. Infatti, attraverso queste proteine chiamate adesine, S. aureus è in grado di aderire sia alle superfici abiotiche sia alle cellule dell’ospite, colonizzandole ed eventualmente causando un’infezione. In questo studio, è stata indagata l’interazione tra l’adesina SdrC, appartenente alla famiglia MSCRAMM, e il plasminogeno (Plg), una proteina circolante nel plasma umano con potenziale ruolo nella degradazione dei tessuti dell’ospite e diffusione batterica. Gli esperimenti scelti per caratterizzare l’interazione tra la proteina SdrC e il Plg si sono basati sull’applicazione di tecniche biochimiche come cromatografia di affinità, saggio ELISA, SDS-PAGE, western blot e dot blot. Attraverso questi saggi in vitro, è stata evidenziata una forte affinità tra il Plg e il sottodominio N2N3 di SdrC e, sebbene inferiore, un’affinità del Plg anche per i singoli sottodomini N2 ed N3, suggerendo un meccanismo di legame diverso dal modello dock, lock and latch, caratteristico delle proteine MSCRAMM. Si è osservato che l’interazione SdrC – Plg coinvolge i siti di legame per la lisina (LBS) presenti sul Plg ed è influenzata da MgCl2. Esperimenti condotti su ceppi di S. aureus MRSA-252 wild-type e deleto di sdrC hanno confermato il ruolo di SdrC nel legame al Plg anche a livello cellulare. È stato inoltre dimostrato che il Plg legato a SdrC può essere attivato a plasmina (Pln) da parte dell’attivatore tissutale del plasminogeno (t-PA) e mantiene la sua attività proteolitica nei confronti del fibrinogeno (Fbg) e del substrato cromogenico S2251. Infine, tra diverse proteine plasmatiche testate, è stata osservata un’affinità selettiva di SdrC per la vitronectina (Vn). Questi risultati contribuiscono alla comprensione delle interazioni che si instaurano tra ospite e patogeno mediate dalla proteina SdrC e offrono una base preliminare per futuri approfondimenti scientifici.
Studio dell'interazione tra plasminogeno e la proteina SdrC (Proteina C a ripetizioni serina-aspartato) espressa sulla superficie di Staphylococcus aureus: Implicazioni per la virulenza batterica
GATTI, DANIELA
2024/2025
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen responsible for a broad spectrum of infections, some of which are even life-threatening, and the disease treatment can be very challenging due to its multiple resistance to antibiotics. The expression of cell wall anchored proteins is one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms. Indeed, through these proteins named adhesins, S. aureus manages to adhere to both biotic and abiotic surfaces and may cause infections. In this study, the interaction between SdrC, an adhesin belonging to the MSCRAMM family, and plasminogen (Plg), a circulating protein in human plasma, was investigated. The experiments chosen to characterise the interaction between SdrC and Plg were based on the application of biochemical techniques such as affinity chromatography, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, western blot and dot blot. These in vitro tests allowed us to discover a strong binding-affinity between N2N3 subdomains of SdrC and Plg, whereas a milder one was evidenced between SdrCN2 or SdrCN3 and Plg, suggesting a binding mechanism different from the dock, lock and latch model usually adopted by MSCRAMM proteins. It was observed that the SdrC – Plg interaction involves lysin binding sites (LBS) showed on Plg and it is influenced by the presence of MgCl2. Experiments conducted on S. aureus MRSA-252-WT and MRSA-252-∆sdrC strains confirmed the role of SdrC in binding to Plg also at the cellular level. It was also shown that Plg bound to SdrC can be activated to plasmin (Pln) by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and retains its proteolytic activity against fibrinogen (Fbg) and the chromogenic substrate S2251. Finally, among other plasma proteins tested, a selective affinity of SdrC for vitronectin (Vn) was observed. These results contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interactions mediated by the SdrC protein and offer a preliminary basis for further investigations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/29427