ABSTRACT This comparative study analyses the financial performance of two leading commercial banks in The Gambia: Guaranty Trust Bank (Gambia) Limited (GTCO) and Trust Bank (Gambia) Limited (TBL), covering the period from 2013 to 2022. The CAMEL model with industry average is used by the study to evaluate and appraise the stability and performance of the corresponding banks. It emphasizes fundamental elements of traditional banking, mainly its historical perspective, the mobilization of financial resources, income generation strategies, and operational guidelines, product and service offerings. The CAMEL, which is Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity, is applied in this investigation via financial ratios. The inclusion of Management (M), which was more conceptual than empirical, as the data was not readily available. The findings reveal that Guaranty Trust Bank Ltd (GTCO) was superior to Trust Bank Ltd (TBL) in terms of profitability assessed by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Nonetheless, Earning per Share (EPS) and Dividend per Share (DPS) showed TBL superior over GTCO suggesting better policy and stability. TBL positions itself somewhat better than GTCO in terms of liquidity as equated by Total Equity-To-Total Assets (TETA) and Deposits-To-Total Assets (DTA) ratios, but GTCO outperformed in terms of Loans-To-Total Assets (DTA) as a testament of efficient utilization of its funds for lending. Finances and scenarios of solvency in the periods analyzed, the results indicated that both banks have solvency level above the regulatory minimum. We know that GTCO had a higher average Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) than TBL, meaning it had a stronger capital base through the years. TBL's CAR also had less volatility than GTCO. The capital buffer remained highest on the industry average basis indicating active sector-wide efforts to maintain capital buffers. Most importantly, the study concluded that Trust Bank's credit risk management was superior to that of GTCO as evidenced by lower Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Trust Bank's loan portfolio. For instance, TBL recorded a far better performance in 2017, where its NPL dropped from 4.00% in the previous year to 0.40% level, and this shows increased loan quality and a better control of credit risk. Unlike GTCO, whose NPL rates were generally much more volatile and higher over the period under study. The results highlight the fact that in terms of profitability and capital adequacy, GTCO performed much better, while TBL performed well in terms of liquidity management, controlling the credit risk, and dividend stability.
Questo studio intende confrontare le performance finanziarie di due importanti banche commerciali operanti in Gambia nel periodo dal 2013 al 2022. La valutazione utilizza il framework CAMEL e le medie del settore bancario locale per valutare la solidità e la performance generale di GTCO e TBL. È stata dedicata particolare attenzione agli elementi chiave del sistema bancario classico: sviluppo storico, gestione delle risorse finanziarie, diverse strategie per la redditività e prodotti e servizi offerti. Il modello CAMEL (indicatori finanziari di adeguatezza patrimoniale (C), qualità degli attivi (A), management (M), utili (E) e liquidità (L)) è stato utilizzato per analizzare le banche in esame. Tuttavia, una disponibilità insufficiente di dati ha reso l'analisi dell'aspetto gestionale (M) più teorica che empirica. Basandosi sui risultati, si può discernere che Guaranty Trust Bank (GTCO) appare come una banca più redditizia rispetto a Trust Bank (TBL), come indicato dalle misurazioni (ROA) e (ROE). Tuttavia, altri indicatori come EPS e DPS hanno rilevato una performance superiore di TBL, indicando una politica di distribuzione dei dividendi più robusta e stabile nel tempo. La liquidità, indicata dai rapporti TETA e DTA, è risultata leggermente migliore per TBL, mentre GTCO è risultata migliore nel parametro LTA, dimostrando una gestione più efficace dei prestiti. Per quanto riguarda la stabilità del capitale, entrambe le istituzioni sono riuscite ad avere tassi di solvibilità superiori ai requisiti normativi in tutti gli anni analizzati. GTCO ha avuto un CAR più elevato rispetto a TBL, il che significa che la base di capitale di GTCO è stata più solida. Al contrario, TBL ha gestito la ricchezza con maggiore stabilità, come riflesso nella minore volatilità del suo CAR. A livello settoriale si osserva un forte impegno a mantenere adeguati cuscinetti di capitale. La maggiore divergenza tra le due banche è nel modo in cui gestiscono il rischio di credito. Infatti, TBL ha registrato livelli significativamente più bassi di prestiti non performanti (NPL) rispetto a GTCO. Un ottimo esempio di ciò è stato nel 2017, quando l'NPL di TBL è passato dal 4,00% allo 0,40%, con la consolidazione e il riconoscimento della qualità e della gestione del rischio di credito. In confronto, i livelli di NPL di GTCO sono stati più alti e più volatili nel corso degli anni.
PERFORMANCE FINANZIARIA COMPARATIVA DELLE PRINCIPALI BANCHE COMMERCIALIINGAMBIA:UN’ANALISIDIGUARANTYTRUSTBANK(GAMBIA) LIMITED (GTCO), TRUST BANK LIMITED (TBL) E DEL SETTORE BANCARIO TRAMITEILQUADROCAMEL.
COLLEY, GIBRIL
2024/2025
Abstract
ABSTRACT This comparative study analyses the financial performance of two leading commercial banks in The Gambia: Guaranty Trust Bank (Gambia) Limited (GTCO) and Trust Bank (Gambia) Limited (TBL), covering the period from 2013 to 2022. The CAMEL model with industry average is used by the study to evaluate and appraise the stability and performance of the corresponding banks. It emphasizes fundamental elements of traditional banking, mainly its historical perspective, the mobilization of financial resources, income generation strategies, and operational guidelines, product and service offerings. The CAMEL, which is Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management, Earnings, and Liquidity, is applied in this investigation via financial ratios. The inclusion of Management (M), which was more conceptual than empirical, as the data was not readily available. The findings reveal that Guaranty Trust Bank Ltd (GTCO) was superior to Trust Bank Ltd (TBL) in terms of profitability assessed by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Nonetheless, Earning per Share (EPS) and Dividend per Share (DPS) showed TBL superior over GTCO suggesting better policy and stability. TBL positions itself somewhat better than GTCO in terms of liquidity as equated by Total Equity-To-Total Assets (TETA) and Deposits-To-Total Assets (DTA) ratios, but GTCO outperformed in terms of Loans-To-Total Assets (DTA) as a testament of efficient utilization of its funds for lending. Finances and scenarios of solvency in the periods analyzed, the results indicated that both banks have solvency level above the regulatory minimum. We know that GTCO had a higher average Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) than TBL, meaning it had a stronger capital base through the years. TBL's CAR also had less volatility than GTCO. The capital buffer remained highest on the industry average basis indicating active sector-wide efforts to maintain capital buffers. Most importantly, the study concluded that Trust Bank's credit risk management was superior to that of GTCO as evidenced by lower Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Trust Bank's loan portfolio. For instance, TBL recorded a far better performance in 2017, where its NPL dropped from 4.00% in the previous year to 0.40% level, and this shows increased loan quality and a better control of credit risk. Unlike GTCO, whose NPL rates were generally much more volatile and higher over the period under study. The results highlight the fact that in terms of profitability and capital adequacy, GTCO performed much better, while TBL performed well in terms of liquidity management, controlling the credit risk, and dividend stability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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COLLEY_GIBRIL_Thesis.pdf
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Descrizione: This thesis compares the financial performance of Guaranty Trust Bank (GTCO), Trust Bank Limited (TBL), and the industry average of Gambian commercial banks from 2013 to 2022 using the CAMEL framework.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/30026