BEOWULF E GRETTIS SAGA: EROI E MOSTRI A CONFRONTO

This thesis presents a comparative study of two major works of medieval Germanic literature: the Old English Beowulf and the Icelandic Grettis saga. The research explores the connections between these texts, focusing on the heroic figure, the role of monsters, and the cultural and religious values they convey. It considers whether the similarities point to a direct literary link, a shared legendary tradition, or parallel developments rooted in the Germanic heroic ethos. The first chapter introduces the research objectives and core questions, including the nature of the relationship between the two texts and the relevance of their similarities and differences. The second chapter analyses Beowulf in its historical and literary context, paying attention to the blend of Christian and pagan elements and the symbolic role of the three main battles. The poem's use of language, alliteration, and metaphor is also discussed as part of its distinctive poetic style. The third chapter turns to Grettis saga, framing it within the outlaw saga tradition and medieval Icelandic society. Grettir is presented as a powerful yet isolated hero, and the supernatural episodes—especially the Glámr encounter—are interpreted as reflecting inner and social tensions. The saga’s realistic tone and use of irony contrast with the elevated style of Beowulf. The fourth chapter develops the comparative analysis, highlighting parallels between Grettir’s and Beowulf’s encounters with monstrous beings. It also surveys critical interpretations: from theories of shared source material to suggestions of direct influence or independent development. Recent scholarship tends to emphasize the originality of Grettis saga and its thematic, rather than textual, affinities with Beowulf. In conclusion, while direct influence cannot be confirmed, the two works share a symbolic vocabulary that reflects deep questions about heroism and mortality. Beowulf portrays a communal, providential hero; Grettir, a solitary and tragic one. Despite their differences, both texts underscore the enduring power of the heroic ideal in medieval Germanic literature.