MLIP (Muscle-enriched Lamin-Interacting Protein) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and interacts with lamin A/C in the nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filaments anchored to the inner nuclear membrane that regulates and maintains nuclear architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MLIP in human myoblast differentiation, particularly regarding its potential function as an epigenetic regulator, focusing on its contribution to the regulation of nuclear architecture and gene expression. Two cell lines were used: UBIC, immortalized myoblasts derived from human biopsy, and CN6, primary myoblasts. MLIP depletion was performed using RNA interference, and the effects were analysed at three stages of myogenesis: proliferating myoblasts (MB) and myotubes one (MT1) and four (MT4) days after induction of differentiation. Microscopic observation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that MLIP depletion prevents the formation of mature myotubes and impairs myoblast fusion, significantly altering the expression of the late marker Myosin Heavy Chain. Chromatin was studied using 4f-SAMMY-seq, a technique developed in the laboratory where this study was conducted, which allowed distinction between euchromatic and heterochromatic fractions. Although no major genome-wide rearrangements were observed, the accessibility of promoters of key myogenic genes, such as MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, and MYF6, was altered in MLIP-depleted samples. RNA-seq analyses confirmed a block of the myogenic program, downregulation of key myogenic regulators, such as MYOD1 and MYOG, and activation of inflammatory and proliferative pathways. These findings support a model in which MLIP acts as a bridge between chromatin accessibility and myogenic transcriptional programs, orchestrating the transition from proliferation to the formation of mature myotubes. Loss of MLIP induces differentiation arrest, accompanied by pro-inflammatory transcriptional states, with potential implications for muscle laminopathies such as Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy.
MLIP (Muscle-enriched Lamin-Interacting Protein) è una proteina, altamente espressa nei muscoli scheletrici, che interagisce con la lamina A/C nella lamina nucleare, un network di filamenti intermedi ancorato alla membrana nucleare interna che regola e mantiene l’architettura nucleare. Lo scopo di questo studio è stato investigare il coinvolgimento di MLIP nel differenziamento dei mioblasti umani, soprattutto in relazione al suo potenziale ruolo di regolatore epigenetico, studiando nello specifico il suo contributo alla regolazione dell’architettura nucleare e dell’espressione genica. Sono state utilizzate due linee cellulari: UBIC, mioblasti immortalizzati derivati da biopsia umana, e CN6, mioblasti primari. La deplezione di MLIP è stata effettuata mediante RNA interference e gli effetti sono stati analizzati a tre stadi della miogenesi: mioblasti proliferanti (MB), miotubi a uno (MT1) e quattro (MT4) giorni dopo l’induzione del differenziamento. Tramite osservazione al microscopio ed esperimenti di immunofluorescenza, è emerso chiaramente che la deplezione di MLIP impedisce la formazione di miotubi maturi e compromette la fusione dei mioblasti, alterando significativamente l’espressione del marker tardivo Myosin Heavy Chain. La cromatina è stata studiata mediante 4f-SAMMY-seq, una tecnica sviluppata nel laboratorio in cui è stato svolto lo studio, che ha permesso di distinguere le frazioni eucromatiche ed eterocromatiche; sebbene non siano emerse grandi riorganizzazioni genome-wide, l’accessibilità dei promotori di alcuni geni chiave della miogenesi, quali MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5 e MYF6, è risultata alterata nei campioni MLIP-depleti. Le analisi di RNA-seq hanno confermato un blocco del programma miogenico, la down-regolazione di alcuni dei principali regolatori miogenici, come MYOD1 e MYOG, e l’attivazione di vie infiammatorie e proliferative. Questi risultati supportano un modello in cui MLIP è un ponte tra l’accessibilità della cromatina e i programmi trascrizionali miogenici, orchestrando la transizione dalla proliferazione alla formazione di miotubi maturi. La perdita di MLIP induce un arresto del differenziamento, accompagnato da stati trascrizionali pro-infiammatori, con potenziali implicazioni in laminopatie muscolari come la distrofia di Emery-Dreifuss.
Il ruolo di MLIP nel differenziamento miogenico
POMA, GIULIA
2024/2025
Abstract
MLIP (Muscle-enriched Lamin-Interacting Protein) is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and interacts with lamin A/C in the nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filaments anchored to the inner nuclear membrane that regulates and maintains nuclear architecture. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MLIP in human myoblast differentiation, particularly regarding its potential function as an epigenetic regulator, focusing on its contribution to the regulation of nuclear architecture and gene expression. Two cell lines were used: UBIC, immortalized myoblasts derived from human biopsy, and CN6, primary myoblasts. MLIP depletion was performed using RNA interference, and the effects were analysed at three stages of myogenesis: proliferating myoblasts (MB) and myotubes one (MT1) and four (MT4) days after induction of differentiation. Microscopic observation and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that MLIP depletion prevents the formation of mature myotubes and impairs myoblast fusion, significantly altering the expression of the late marker Myosin Heavy Chain. Chromatin was studied using 4f-SAMMY-seq, a technique developed in the laboratory where this study was conducted, which allowed distinction between euchromatic and heterochromatic fractions. Although no major genome-wide rearrangements were observed, the accessibility of promoters of key myogenic genes, such as MYOD1, MYOG, MYF5, and MYF6, was altered in MLIP-depleted samples. RNA-seq analyses confirmed a block of the myogenic program, downregulation of key myogenic regulators, such as MYOD1 and MYOG, and activation of inflammatory and proliferative pathways. These findings support a model in which MLIP acts as a bridge between chromatin accessibility and myogenic transcriptional programs, orchestrating the transition from proliferation to the formation of mature myotubes. Loss of MLIP induces differentiation arrest, accompanied by pro-inflammatory transcriptional states, with potential implications for muscle laminopathies such as Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/30582