Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains a major biomedical challenge with no cure. Beyond the classical neuropathological markers (amyloid-β and tau), a broader view has emerged in which peripheral factors contribute to disease progression. Patient blood contains alterations in inflammatory and metabolic molecules that may act as biomarkers or active mediators. In this study, we tested whether plasma from subjects at different stages of cognitive decline (SCI, MCI, AD) could induce transcriptional changes in a cell line. Cells treated with plasma were analyzed by RNA-seq (nf-core/rnaseq on GCP) and differential expression with DESeq2. To enable biological interpretation, identified genes were mapped to murine and human orthologs and subjected to enrichment analysis (KEGG, GO, Reactome). Results showed a clear progression: 228 genes altered in SCI and 945 in AD, involving inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α) and synaptic (long-term depression) pathways. Candidate genes included CXCL1 and LTA, linked to pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and GNAQ, implicated in synaptic plasticity. Overall, the data suggest that plasma carries signals capable of actively modulating gene expression, supporting the view of AD as a systemic disorder rather than a brain-restricted pathology.
La malattia di Alzheimer (AD) è la forma più comune di demenza e rappresenta una sfida biomedica ancora senza cura. Accanto ai classici marker neuropatologici (amiloide-β e tau), si è affermata una visione più ampia in cui fattori periferici contribuiscono alla progressione. Il sangue dei pazienti contiene alterazioni in molecole infiammatorie e metaboliche che possono agire come biomarcatori o mediatori attivi. In questo studio abbiamo testato se il plasma di soggetti con diversi gradi di deficit neurocognitivo (SCI, MCI, AD) fosse in grado di indurre cambiamenti trascrizionali in una linea cellulare. Le cellule trattate sono state analizzate tramite RNA-seq (nf-core/rnaseq su GCP) e differenzial expression con DESeq2. Per l’interpretazione biologica, i geni sono stati mappati su ortologhi murini e umani e sottoposti ad analisi di arricchimento (KEGG, GO, Reactome). I risultati mostrano una progressione chiara: 228 geni alterati in SCI, 945 in AD, con coinvolgimento di vie infiammatorie (NF-κB, TNF-α) e sinaptiche (long-term depression). Alcuni geni candidati, come CXCL1 e LTA, si collegano a meccanismi pro-infiammatori, mentre GNAQ emerge per il ruolo nella plasticità sinaptica. L’insieme dei dati suggerisce che il plasma contenga segnali capaci di modulare attivamente l’espressione genica, rafforzando l’ipotesi di un’alterazione sistemica dell’AD.
Fattori sistemici nella malattia di Alzheimer: profilo trascrizionale di linee cellulari esposte a plasma di pazienti
CARPANZANO, SIMONE
2024/2025
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and remains a major biomedical challenge with no cure. Beyond the classical neuropathological markers (amyloid-β and tau), a broader view has emerged in which peripheral factors contribute to disease progression. Patient blood contains alterations in inflammatory and metabolic molecules that may act as biomarkers or active mediators. In this study, we tested whether plasma from subjects at different stages of cognitive decline (SCI, MCI, AD) could induce transcriptional changes in a cell line. Cells treated with plasma were analyzed by RNA-seq (nf-core/rnaseq on GCP) and differential expression with DESeq2. To enable biological interpretation, identified genes were mapped to murine and human orthologs and subjected to enrichment analysis (KEGG, GO, Reactome). Results showed a clear progression: 228 genes altered in SCI and 945 in AD, involving inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α) and synaptic (long-term depression) pathways. Candidate genes included CXCL1 and LTA, linked to pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and GNAQ, implicated in synaptic plasticity. Overall, the data suggest that plasma carries signals capable of actively modulating gene expression, supporting the view of AD as a systemic disorder rather than a brain-restricted pathology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/30647