The concept of bodily self-awareness refers to an individual’s perception and interpretation of their own physical body in space and it encompasses several subcomponents, such as body ownership (i.e., the unique perceptual status of one’s own body), sense of agency (i.e., the subjective experience of being in control of one’s own actions and their effects on the environment) and body image ( i.e. the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes one holds toward their physical appearance and functionality). According to literature, how individuals experience their bodies is not solely determined by biological or cognitive factors; social influences such as culture and religion play a crucial role in shaping bodily self-awareness and body image. This study investigates how religious affiliation may influence bodily self-awareness, focusing on three key constructs: body ownership, sense of agency and body image. The central hypothesis proposed that individuals with strong religious adherence, especially from traditions emphasizing spiritual over physical identity, would show more fluid body boundaries and less pronounced sense of belonging to the body. Sixty participants, comprising atheists, Muslims, and Catholics underwent a series of experimental and projective tasks, including the Mirror Box Illusion (MBI), Rorschach test, and Human Figure Test (HFT). Results revealed that the degree of proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership was not modulated by religious affiliation. Measures of proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership demonstrated a similar effect among both groups in synchronous and asynchronous conditions: they exhibited higher proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership in the synchronous condition and a lower proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership in the asynchronous condition Notably, religious affiliation seems to modulate the sense of agency: in the asynchronous condition, atheist displayed the expected reduction in agency, whereas the religious group showed an illusion of agency also in the control, asynchronous, condition. This suggests that individuals with a higher religious affiliation may have a more malleable sense of agency that strongly relies on visual information. Furthermore, in the domain of body image, the religious group obtained significant higher scores on the Rorschach Penetration of Boundary scale, reflecting more permeable or diffuse body boundaries. Finally, in the Human Figure Test, atheists depicted significantly larger heads and right hands. Together, these findings contribute to the literature by giving valuable insight into the relationship between religious affiliation and bodily self-awareness and expands the dialogue between neuroscience, cultural and religious psychology.
Il concetto di autoconsapevolezza corporea si riferisce alla percezione e all'interpretazione che un individuo ha del proprio corpo fisico nello spazio e comprende diverse sottocomponenti, come la proprietà corporea (ovvero, lo stato percettivo unico del proprio corpo), il senso di agency (ovvero, l'esperienza soggettiva di controllo delle proprie azioni e dei loro effetti sull'ambiente) e l'immagine corporea (ovvero i pensieri, i sentimenti e gli atteggiamenti che si hanno nei confronti del proprio aspetto fisico e della propria funzionalità). Secondo la letteratura, il modo in cui gli individui percepiscono il proprio corpo non è determinato esclusivamente da fattori biologici o cognitivi; influenze sociali come la cultura e la religione svolgono un ruolo cruciale nel plasmare l'autoconsapevolezza corporea e l'immagine corporea. Questo studio indaga come l'affiliazione religiosa possa influenzare l'autoconsapevolezza corporea, concentrandosi su tre costrutti chiave: la proprietà corporea, il senso di agency e l'immagine corporea. L'ipotesi centrale proponeva che gli individui con una forte adesione religiosa, in particolare quelli appartenenti a tradizioni che enfatizzano l'identità spirituale rispetto a quella fisica, avrebbero mostrato confini corporei più fluidi e un senso di appartenenza al corpo meno pronunciato. Sessanta partecipanti, tra cui atei, musulmani e cattolici, sono stati sottoposti a una serie di compiti sperimentali e proiettivi, tra cui l'illusione della scatola dello specchio (MBI), il test di Rorschach e il test della figura umana (HFT). I risultati hanno rivelato che il grado di deriva propriocettiva e il senso di appartenenza non erano modulati dall'affiliazione religiosa. Le misure di deriva propriocettiva e senso di appartenenza hanno dimostrato un effetto simile in entrambi i gruppi in condizioni sincrone e asincrone: hanno mostrato una deriva propriocettiva e un senso di appartenenza più elevati nella condizione sincrona e una deriva propriocettiva e un senso di appartenenza inferiori nella condizione asincrona. In particolare, l'affiliazione religiosa sembra modulare il senso di agency: nella condizione asincrona, gli atei hanno mostrato la prevista riduzione di agency, mentre il gruppo religioso ha mostrato un'illusione di agency anche nella condizione di controllo, asincrona. Questo suggerisce che gli individui con una maggiore affiliazione religiosa potrebbero avere un senso di agency più malleabile, fortemente basato sulle informazioni visive. Inoltre, nell'ambito dell'immagine corporea, il gruppo religioso ha ottenuto punteggi significativamente più alti nella scala di Rorschach sulla penetrazione dei confini, riflettendo confini corporei più permeabili o diffusi. Infine, nel test della figura umana, gli atei hanno raffigurato teste significativamente più grandi e mani destre. Insieme, questi risultati contribuiscono alla letteratura offrendo preziose informazioni sulla relazione tra affiliazione religiosa e autoconsapevolezza corporea e ampliano il dialogo tra neuroscienze, psicologia culturale e religiosa.
Studio delle influenze culturali e religiose sulla consapevolezza corporea
OLANIRAN, SHERIFAT ABIOLA
2024/2025
Abstract
The concept of bodily self-awareness refers to an individual’s perception and interpretation of their own physical body in space and it encompasses several subcomponents, such as body ownership (i.e., the unique perceptual status of one’s own body), sense of agency (i.e., the subjective experience of being in control of one’s own actions and their effects on the environment) and body image ( i.e. the thoughts, feelings, and attitudes one holds toward their physical appearance and functionality). According to literature, how individuals experience their bodies is not solely determined by biological or cognitive factors; social influences such as culture and religion play a crucial role in shaping bodily self-awareness and body image. This study investigates how religious affiliation may influence bodily self-awareness, focusing on three key constructs: body ownership, sense of agency and body image. The central hypothesis proposed that individuals with strong religious adherence, especially from traditions emphasizing spiritual over physical identity, would show more fluid body boundaries and less pronounced sense of belonging to the body. Sixty participants, comprising atheists, Muslims, and Catholics underwent a series of experimental and projective tasks, including the Mirror Box Illusion (MBI), Rorschach test, and Human Figure Test (HFT). Results revealed that the degree of proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership was not modulated by religious affiliation. Measures of proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership demonstrated a similar effect among both groups in synchronous and asynchronous conditions: they exhibited higher proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership in the synchronous condition and a lower proprioceptive drift and sense of ownership in the asynchronous condition Notably, religious affiliation seems to modulate the sense of agency: in the asynchronous condition, atheist displayed the expected reduction in agency, whereas the religious group showed an illusion of agency also in the control, asynchronous, condition. This suggests that individuals with a higher religious affiliation may have a more malleable sense of agency that strongly relies on visual information. Furthermore, in the domain of body image, the religious group obtained significant higher scores on the Rorschach Penetration of Boundary scale, reflecting more permeable or diffuse body boundaries. Finally, in the Human Figure Test, atheists depicted significantly larger heads and right hands. Together, these findings contribute to the literature by giving valuable insight into the relationship between religious affiliation and bodily self-awareness and expands the dialogue between neuroscience, cultural and religious psychology.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: The present study explored the influence of religious affiliation on the complex construct of bodily self-awareness, with focus to key components—body ownership, sense of agency and body image.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/30879