Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) has recently been introduced in the DSM-5 as a condition warranting further study. It is defined as the deliberate infliction of physical harm on one’s own body (such as cutting, burning, or hitting oneself) with the intention of causing mild to moderate injury, in the absence of suicidal intent. In recent years, there has been growing interest within the scientific community in this disorder, with the aim of understanding its functions, risk factors, protective factors, and comorbidities, in order to expand scientific knowledge on the subject and evaluate its clinical implications. This disorder typically emerges between the ages of 11 and 14, and a study conducted in 2024 found that 18% of adolescents worldwide engage in self-injurious behaviors without suicidal intent (Moloney et al., 2024). Scientific research indicates that NSSI serves various psychological functions, such as self-punishment, but the most prominent appears to be the regulation of intense negative emotional states. Among the risk factors are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), personality traits such as high levels of self- criticism and reduced problem-solving skills, as well as family and social dynamics, which may also serve as protective factors against NSSI. This disorder presents several comorbidities; however, the present thesis seeks to explore the common psychological functions, as well as the risk and protective factors, shared with Eating Disorders (EDs). Scientific studies show a high comorbidity between these two disorders, which share several features, such as emotional dysregulation, body dissatisfaction, and elevated self- criticism—particularly in Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-Eating Disorder (BED), and the binge-purge subtype of Anorexia Nervosa (AN-BP). Overall, this thesis aims to provide a deeper understanding of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) by analyzing the existing literature, in order to gain a clearer perspective on this disorder and its relationship with Eating Disorders (EDs).
Il Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (Autolesionismo non suicidario, NSSI) è stato recentemente introdotto all’interno del DSM-5 come condizione che richiede ulteriori studi ed è definito come l’inflizione deliberata di danni fisici al proprio corpo (come tagliarsi, briciarsi, colpirsi) con l’intenzione di arrecare danni lievi o moderati in assenza di intento suicidario. Negli ultimi anni, è stato crescente l’interesse da parte della comunità scientifica verso tale disturbo con l’obiettivo di comprenderne le funzioni, i fattori di rischio, i fattori di protezione e le comorbilità, al fine di ampliare le conoscenze scientifiche su tale tema e valutarne le implicazioni cliniche. Tale disturbo emerge prevalentemente tra gli 11 ed i 14 anni e da uno studio condotto nel 2024 è risultato che il 18% degli adolescenti, a livello globale, mette in atto comportamenti autolesionistici senza intento suicidario (Moloney et al., 2024). Dalle ricerche scientifiche si evidenzia che il NSSI assolve a diverse funzioni psicologiche, come quella di auto-punizione, ma sembra essere particolarmente rilevante la funzione di regolazione di stati emotivi negativi e intensi. Tra i fattori di rischio emergono le esperienze infantili avverse (ACE), tratti di personalità quali livelli elevati di autocritica e ridotte capacità di problem solving e diversi fattori familiari e sociali che possono fungere anche da protezione nei confronti del NSSI. Questo disturbo presenta diverse comorbilità ma la presente tesi ha voluto approfondire le funzioni psicologiche comuni, nonché fattori di rischio e di protezione, con i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell’Alimentazione (DNA). Dagli studi scientifici emerge una comorbilità elevata tra questi due disturbi, i quali condividono diverse funzioni come la disregolazione emotiva, l’insoddisfazione corporea ed elevati livelli di autocritica, in particolare nella Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-eating (BE) e Anoressia nervosa di tipo binge-purge (AN-BP). Nel complesso, la presente tesi si pone l’obiettivo di comprendere il Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) analizzando i dati presenti in letteratura, al fine di avere una visione più chiara di questo disturbo e della sua correlazione con i Disturbi della Nutrizione e dell’Alimentazione (DNA).
IL CORPO COME CAMPO DI BATTAGLIA: UN’APPROFONDITA ANALISI DELLA LETTERATURA PER COMPRENDERE IL NON-SUICIDAL SELF-INJURY (NSSI) E LA SUA CORRELAZIONE CON I DISTURBI DELLA NUTRIZIONE E DELL’ALIMENTAZIONE (DNA)
BIO, SUSANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) has recently been introduced in the DSM-5 as a condition warranting further study. It is defined as the deliberate infliction of physical harm on one’s own body (such as cutting, burning, or hitting oneself) with the intention of causing mild to moderate injury, in the absence of suicidal intent. In recent years, there has been growing interest within the scientific community in this disorder, with the aim of understanding its functions, risk factors, protective factors, and comorbidities, in order to expand scientific knowledge on the subject and evaluate its clinical implications. This disorder typically emerges between the ages of 11 and 14, and a study conducted in 2024 found that 18% of adolescents worldwide engage in self-injurious behaviors without suicidal intent (Moloney et al., 2024). Scientific research indicates that NSSI serves various psychological functions, such as self-punishment, but the most prominent appears to be the regulation of intense negative emotional states. Among the risk factors are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), personality traits such as high levels of self- criticism and reduced problem-solving skills, as well as family and social dynamics, which may also serve as protective factors against NSSI. This disorder presents several comorbidities; however, the present thesis seeks to explore the common psychological functions, as well as the risk and protective factors, shared with Eating Disorders (EDs). Scientific studies show a high comorbidity between these two disorders, which share several features, such as emotional dysregulation, body dissatisfaction, and elevated self- criticism—particularly in Bulimia Nervosa (BN), Binge-Eating Disorder (BED), and the binge-purge subtype of Anorexia Nervosa (AN-BP). Overall, this thesis aims to provide a deeper understanding of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) by analyzing the existing literature, in order to gain a clearer perspective on this disorder and its relationship with Eating Disorders (EDs).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/30943