In recent years, environmental sustainability has become a central variable in economic and corporate debates. This thesis investigates the relationship between national environmental performance and the profitability of European companies, using the newly developed DDEPI (Data-Driven Environmental Performance Index), designed as part of a research project at the University of Pavia. The objective is to assess whether a more virtuous environmental context, measured at the country level, can positively influence firms’ economic and financial performance. The thesis adopts a quantitative and empirical approach, building a large dataset of over 77,000 large European companies extracted from Orbis – Bureau van Dijk. The analysis employs advanced econometric techniques: linear regressions (OLS), robust models (Huber, heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors), non-linear models (GAM), and quantile regressions, combined with clustering and classification methods (K-means, Random Forest). The results reveal a partially significant relationship between environmental performance and profitability, with heterogeneous effects depending on industry sector, geographical area, firm size, and listing status. In particular, high-performing firms and those operating in environmentally sensitive sectors appear to benefit more from favorable sustainability frameworks. However, the relationship is neither linear nor universally valid, highlighting the importance of differentiated approaches based on structural characteristics.
Negli ultimi anni, la sostenibilità ambientale è diventata una variabile centrale nel dibattito economico e aziendale. Questa tesi analizza il legame tra la performance ambientale nazionale e la redditività delle imprese europee, utilizzando il nuovo indice DDEPI (Data-Driven Environmental Performance Index), sviluppato nell’ambito di un progetto di ricerca dell’Università di Pavia. L’obiettivo è verificare se un contesto ambientale più virtuoso, misurato a livello-paese, influenzi positivamente la performance economico-finanziaria delle aziende. La tesi adotta un approccio quantitativo ed empirico, costruendo un ampio dataset di oltre 77.000 grandi imprese europee estratte da Orbis – Bureau van Dijk. L’analisi si sviluppa attraverso modelli econometrici avanzati: regressioni lineari (OLS), modelli robusti (Huber, standard errors corretti), modelli non lineari (GAM) e regressioni quantiliche, integrati con tecniche di clustering e classificazione (K-means, Random Forest). I risultati evidenziano una relazione parzialmente significativa tra performance ambientale e redditività, con effetti eterogenei a seconda del settore, della regione geografica, della dimensione d’impresa e dello status di quotazione. In particolare, le imprese più performanti e appartenenti a settori sensibili alla sostenibilità sembrano trarre maggiori benefici da contesti ambientali favorevoli. Tuttavia, il legame non è sempre lineare né universalmente valido, confermando la necessità di approcci differenziati in base alle caratteristiche strutturali.
"Environmental performance and corporate profitability: an empirical analysis of european companies through the DDEPI index."
MARCHETTI, MANUELA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, environmental sustainability has become a central variable in economic and corporate debates. This thesis investigates the relationship between national environmental performance and the profitability of European companies, using the newly developed DDEPI (Data-Driven Environmental Performance Index), designed as part of a research project at the University of Pavia. The objective is to assess whether a more virtuous environmental context, measured at the country level, can positively influence firms’ economic and financial performance. The thesis adopts a quantitative and empirical approach, building a large dataset of over 77,000 large European companies extracted from Orbis – Bureau van Dijk. The analysis employs advanced econometric techniques: linear regressions (OLS), robust models (Huber, heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors), non-linear models (GAM), and quantile regressions, combined with clustering and classification methods (K-means, Random Forest). The results reveal a partially significant relationship between environmental performance and profitability, with heterogeneous effects depending on industry sector, geographical area, firm size, and listing status. In particular, high-performing firms and those operating in environmentally sensitive sectors appear to benefit more from favorable sustainability frameworks. However, the relationship is neither linear nor universally valid, highlighting the importance of differentiated approaches based on structural characteristics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI_MARCHETTI_MANUELA.pdf
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Descrizione: This thesis explores the relationship between national environmental performance and corporate profitability in Europe, using the DDEPI index developed at the University of Pavia and data from over 77,000 firms.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/31027