The study of ancient natural disasters is by no means a new topic. Numerous books, documentaries, articles and films have investigated this topic across the centuries, each varying in detail, accuracy, and purpose. Some disasters have captured public imagination more than others, the 79CE eruption of Pompeii, being perhaps the most famous example, leaving others to fall by the wayside. Additionally, the focus has tended to be on the events of the disasters themselves or the incredible remains that some of them preserve, allowing future generations to get a glimpse into the lives of those who existed thousands of years ago. The academic world tends to focus on the responses to disasters or the primary sources that recorded these events. While this is an interesting field to consider, many aspects of disasters are overlooked. A prominent example of this are the perceptions of the ancients on their own disasters. The purpose of this thesis is to explore this often-overlooked field, to examine the types of perceptions that the Romans held about their own natural disasters, and the disasters that occurred in the wider Greek world. Specifically, this thesis will look at six specific natural disasters, three Roman and three that occurred in the Greek world to examine how the Romans recorded them, why they chose to record them and how their perceptions of these events shape the world today. The research will be presented using five main chapters. To begin with the history of this field of study will be considered and the issues found in the sources will be illuminated. Then the Roman perceptions on their own disasters will be considered by studying the eruption of Pompeii, the Asia earthquake of 17CE and the earthquake and tsunami of 365CE. In the third chapter, disasters that occurred in the Greek world will be discussed and how and why the Romans chose to present them, including the Plague in Athens, the Rhodes earthquake of 227BCE and the Helike earthquake and tsunami. In the fourth chapter, a different topic will be discussed, considering two overarching themes of natural disasters of the ancient world, the role of religion and morals and the role of laws. In the final chapter, how ancient disasters have shaped modern perceptions will be considered and areas for future research of this field will be examined. Overall, the aim of this thesis is to raise awareness on the Roman perceptions of natural disasters, the role they played in their own time and the influence they have on the world today. This study hopes to be of future use to scholars who wish to re-examine the sources of ancient disasters, to ask different questions and discover the people behind the sources as well as what needs to be done in terms of new studies to reach as broad an audience as possible. This will be done by asking what we can learn from these disasters today which can be applied to our disaster research and response.
Lo studio di antichi disastri naturali non è affatto un argomento nuovo. Numerosi libri, documentari, articoli e film hanno indagato questo argomento nel corso dei secoli, ognuno variando in dettaglio, accuratezza e scopo. Alcuni disastri hanno catturato l'immaginazione pubblica più di altri, l'eruzione del 79 CE di Pompei, essendo forse l'esempio più famoso, lasciando altri a cadere nel dimenticatoio. Inoltre, l'attenzione tende ad essere sugli eventi dei disastri stessi o sugli incredibili resti che alcuni di essi conservano, consentendo alle generazioni future di dare un'occhiata alla vita di coloro che esistevano migliaia di anni fa. Il mondo accademico tende a concentrarsi sulle risposte ai disastri o sulle fonti primarie che hanno registrato questi eventi. Mentre questo è un campo interessante da considerare, molti aspetti dei disastri sono trascurati. Un esempio importante di questo sono le percezioni degli antichi sui loro disastri. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di esplorare questo campo spesso trascurato, per esaminare i tipi di percezioni che i Romani avevano sui loro disastri naturali e sui disastri che si sono verificati nel più ampio mondo greco. In particolare, questa tesi esaminerà sei specifici disastri naturali, tre romani e tre che si sono verificati nel mondo greco per esaminare come i romani li hanno registrati, perché hanno scelto di registrarli e come le loro percezioni di questi eventi modellano il mondo di oggi. La ricerca sarà presentata utilizzando cinque capitoli principali. Per cominciare verrà considerata la storia di questo campo di studio e saranno illuminati i problemi trovati nelle fonti. Quindi le percezioni romane sui propri disastri saranno considerate studiando l'eruzione di Pompei, il terremoto in Asia del 17 CE e il terremoto e lo tsunami del 365 CE. Nel terzo capitolo, verranno discussi i disastri che si sono verificati nel mondo greco e come e perché i romani hanno scelto di presentarli, tra cui la peste di Atene, il terremoto di Rodi del 227 aC e il terremoto e lo tsunami di Helike. Nel quarto capitolo, verrà trattato un argomento diverso, considerando due temi generali dei disastri naturali del mondo antico, il ruolo della religione e della morale e il ruolo delle leggi. Nel capitolo finale, verrà considerato come i disastri antichi hanno modellato le percezioni moderne e verranno esaminate le aree per la ricerca futura di questo campo. Nel complesso, lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di aumentare la consapevolezza sulla percezione romana dei disastri naturali, il ruolo che hanno svolto nel loro tempo e l'influenza che hanno sul mondo di oggi. Questo studio spera di essere di utilità futura per gli studiosi che desiderano riesaminare le fonti di antichi disastri, porre domande diverse e scoprire le persone dietro le fonti, nonché ciò che deve essere fatto in termini di nuovi studi per raggiungere un pubblico il più ampio possibile. Questo sarà fatto chiedendo cosa possiamo imparare da questi disastri oggi che può essere applicato alla nostra ricerca e risposta ai disastri.
Natural Disasters in the Roman World: Alternative and Unexplored Perceptions
CLARK, ELEANOR ANN
2022/2023
Abstract
The study of ancient natural disasters is by no means a new topic. Numerous books, documentaries, articles and films have investigated this topic across the centuries, each varying in detail, accuracy, and purpose. Some disasters have captured public imagination more than others, the 79CE eruption of Pompeii, being perhaps the most famous example, leaving others to fall by the wayside. Additionally, the focus has tended to be on the events of the disasters themselves or the incredible remains that some of them preserve, allowing future generations to get a glimpse into the lives of those who existed thousands of years ago. The academic world tends to focus on the responses to disasters or the primary sources that recorded these events. While this is an interesting field to consider, many aspects of disasters are overlooked. A prominent example of this are the perceptions of the ancients on their own disasters. The purpose of this thesis is to explore this often-overlooked field, to examine the types of perceptions that the Romans held about their own natural disasters, and the disasters that occurred in the wider Greek world. Specifically, this thesis will look at six specific natural disasters, three Roman and three that occurred in the Greek world to examine how the Romans recorded them, why they chose to record them and how their perceptions of these events shape the world today. The research will be presented using five main chapters. To begin with the history of this field of study will be considered and the issues found in the sources will be illuminated. Then the Roman perceptions on their own disasters will be considered by studying the eruption of Pompeii, the Asia earthquake of 17CE and the earthquake and tsunami of 365CE. In the third chapter, disasters that occurred in the Greek world will be discussed and how and why the Romans chose to present them, including the Plague in Athens, the Rhodes earthquake of 227BCE and the Helike earthquake and tsunami. In the fourth chapter, a different topic will be discussed, considering two overarching themes of natural disasters of the ancient world, the role of religion and morals and the role of laws. In the final chapter, how ancient disasters have shaped modern perceptions will be considered and areas for future research of this field will be examined. Overall, the aim of this thesis is to raise awareness on the Roman perceptions of natural disasters, the role they played in their own time and the influence they have on the world today. This study hopes to be of future use to scholars who wish to re-examine the sources of ancient disasters, to ask different questions and discover the people behind the sources as well as what needs to be done in terms of new studies to reach as broad an audience as possible. This will be done by asking what we can learn from these disasters today which can be applied to our disaster research and response.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/3131