In recent years, non-financial reporting has taken on an increasingly central role for businesses. It involves transparently reporting how a company impacts the environment, people and society. With special reference to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the new reporting framework established by the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), this thesis examines the effects of European regulatory developments in the field of sustainability. By examining the primary obstacles and advantages faced by businesses that have already produced their first sustainability report in compliance with these new regulations, the goal is to examine how these new regulations are changing sustainability reporting practices in Italy. Compared to the NFRD, which only affected a few large companies and left a lot of freedom as to what and how to communicate, the CSRD makes sustainability reporting clearer and more structured. The main changes are the expansion of the companies involved, the introduction of the principle of double materiality, and the obligation to include sustainability data directly in the management report. In this way, the CSRD overcomes the limitations of the NFRD and makes information more complete, transparent, and comparable. The research also provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities for small and medium-sized listed companies (SMEs), which will be subject to the CSRD from 2027, and examines the broader implications in terms of transparency, accountability and corporate competitiveness. A qualitative study was conducted in the form of a case study on Snam S.p.A., an Italian energy company that has adopted the CSRD, with the aim of understanding the process of adapting to the directive and the main challenges associated with its implementation. Data collection and management, regulatory complexity, and the integration of ESG factors across the value chain are some of the challenges that have surfaced. The study also emphasized a number of advantages related to sustainability reporting in geenral such as enhanced stakeholder communication, increased operational effectiveness, and enhanced company reputation. The interview with Snam S.p.A. suggests that those who have yet to prepare a CSRD-compliant report should carry out a gap analysis to understand how the company stands in relation to the requirements of the directive. The need for solid internal governance, digital tools for data management and cross-departmental collaboration is also emphasised. Furthermore, it emerged that Snam is waiting to see the benefits, as it was already subject to the NFRD previously, and is waiting for the omnibus with updates, considering that there may be changes in the number of KPIs to be reported or in the materiality criteria or company thresholds. The thesis concludes with strategic recommendations for companies preparing to adopt the CSRD highlights the changing role of sustainability reporting as a driver of long-term value creation in a rapidly shifting regulatory landscape. Keywords: CSRD, ESRS, sustainability reporting, double materiality, ESG, Italy, listed SMEs, Snam S.p.A., corporate transparency.
Negli ultimi anni, la rendicontazione non finanziaria ha assunto un ruolo sempre più centrale per le imprese. Essa consiste nel riportare in modo trasparente l'impatto di un'azienda sull'ambiente, sulle persone e sulla società. Con particolare riferimento alla Direttiva sulla rendicontazione di sostenibilità delle imprese (CSRD) e al nuovo quadro di rendicontazione stabilito dagli Standard europei di rendicontazione di sostenibilità (ESRS), questa tesi esamina gli effetti degli sviluppi normativi europei nel campo della sostenibilità. Esaminando i principali ostacoli e vantaggi affrontati dalle imprese che hanno già prodotto il loro primo report di sostenibilità in conformità con queste nuove normative, l'obiettivo è quello di esaminare come queste nuove normative stanno cambiando le pratiche di rendicontazione di sostenibilità in Italia. Rispetto alla NFRD, che interessava solo poche grandi aziende e lasciava molta libertà su cosa e come comunicare, la CSRD rende la rendicontazione di sostenibilità più chiara e strutturata. I principali cambiamenti sono l'ampliamento delle aziende coinvolte, l'introduzione del principio della doppia materialità e l'obbligo di includere i dati di sostenibilità direttamente nella relazione sulla gestione. In questo modo, la CSRD supera i limiti della NFRD e rende le informazioni più complete, trasparenti e comparabili. La ricerca fornisce inoltre una panoramica delle sfide e delle opportunità per le piccole e medie imprese quotate in borsa (PMI), che saranno soggette alla CSRD a partire dal 2027, ed esamina le implicazioni più ampie in termini di trasparenza, responsabilità e competitività aziendale. È stato condotto uno studio qualitativo sotto forma di caso di studio su Snam S.p.A., una società energetica italiana che ha adottato la CSRD, con l'obiettivo di comprendere il processo di adeguamento alla direttiva e le principali sfide associate alla sua attuazione. La raccolta e la gestione dei dati, la complessità normativa e l'integrazione dei fattori ESG lungo la catena del valore sono alcune delle sfide emerse. Lo studio ha inoltre sottolineato una serie di vantaggi legati alla rendicontazione di sostenibilità in generale, quali una migliore comunicazione con gli stakeholder, una maggiore efficacia operativa e una migliore reputazione dell'azienda. L'intervista con Snam S.p.A. suggerisce che coloro che devono ancora preparare una relazione conforme al CSRD dovrebbero effettuare un'analisi delle lacune per comprendere la posizione dell'azienda rispetto ai requisiti della direttiva. Viene inoltre sottolineata la necessità di una solida governance interna, di strumenti digitali per la gestione dei dati e di una collaborazione tra i vari reparti. Inoltre, è emerso che Snam è in attesa di vedere i benefici, poiché era già soggetta alla NFRD in precedenza, e sta aspettando l'omnibus con gli aggiornamenti, considerando che potrebbero esserci cambiamenti nel numero di KPI da riportare o nei criteri di materialità o nelle soglie aziendali. La tesi si conclude con raccomandazioni strategiche per le aziende che si preparano ad adottare la CSRD, sottolineando il ruolo in evoluzione della rendicontazione di sostenibilità come motore della creazione di valore a lungo termine in un panorama normativo in rapida evoluzione. Parole chiave: CSRD, ESRS, rendicontazione di sostenibilità, doppia materialità, ESG, Italia, PMI quotate, Snam S.p.A., trasparenza aziendale.
L’Impatto degli Sviluppi Normativi sulle Pratiche di Rendicontazione di Sostenibilità: Un’Analisi del Contesto Italiano
KAVAJA, ANXHELA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, non-financial reporting has taken on an increasingly central role for businesses. It involves transparently reporting how a company impacts the environment, people and society. With special reference to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the new reporting framework established by the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), this thesis examines the effects of European regulatory developments in the field of sustainability. By examining the primary obstacles and advantages faced by businesses that have already produced their first sustainability report in compliance with these new regulations, the goal is to examine how these new regulations are changing sustainability reporting practices in Italy. Compared to the NFRD, which only affected a few large companies and left a lot of freedom as to what and how to communicate, the CSRD makes sustainability reporting clearer and more structured. The main changes are the expansion of the companies involved, the introduction of the principle of double materiality, and the obligation to include sustainability data directly in the management report. In this way, the CSRD overcomes the limitations of the NFRD and makes information more complete, transparent, and comparable. The research also provides an overview of the challenges and opportunities for small and medium-sized listed companies (SMEs), which will be subject to the CSRD from 2027, and examines the broader implications in terms of transparency, accountability and corporate competitiveness. A qualitative study was conducted in the form of a case study on Snam S.p.A., an Italian energy company that has adopted the CSRD, with the aim of understanding the process of adapting to the directive and the main challenges associated with its implementation. Data collection and management, regulatory complexity, and the integration of ESG factors across the value chain are some of the challenges that have surfaced. The study also emphasized a number of advantages related to sustainability reporting in geenral such as enhanced stakeholder communication, increased operational effectiveness, and enhanced company reputation. The interview with Snam S.p.A. suggests that those who have yet to prepare a CSRD-compliant report should carry out a gap analysis to understand how the company stands in relation to the requirements of the directive. The need for solid internal governance, digital tools for data management and cross-departmental collaboration is also emphasised. Furthermore, it emerged that Snam is waiting to see the benefits, as it was already subject to the NFRD previously, and is waiting for the omnibus with updates, considering that there may be changes in the number of KPIs to be reported or in the materiality criteria or company thresholds. The thesis concludes with strategic recommendations for companies preparing to adopt the CSRD highlights the changing role of sustainability reporting as a driver of long-term value creation in a rapidly shifting regulatory landscape. Keywords: CSRD, ESRS, sustainability reporting, double materiality, ESG, Italy, listed SMEs, Snam S.p.A., corporate transparency.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/31585