This thesis investigates the transcriptional crosstalk between the oncogenic transcription factor MYC and two glucocorticoid drugs, budesonide and prednisolone. The study focuses on how these glucocorticoids, through their action on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), modulate gene expression networks and interact with MYC-regulated pathways. MYC is a pivotal regulator of cell growth and metabolism, frequently dysregulated in cancer. Glucocorticoids like budesonide and prednisolone act as a anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by binding GR, initiating widespread genomic responses that include both transactivation and repression of target genes. Notably, glucocorticoid treatment is known to suppress c-myc transcription, contributing to apoptotic pathways in lymphoid cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between MYC and glucocorticoid drugs at the transcriptional level, with a particular emphasis on the distinct and overlapping actions of budesonide and prednisolone. The thesis combines transcriptomic profiling (Bulk RNA-sequencing) and targeted gene expression assays in cell model FLMycER exposed to budesonide or prednisolone, both in the presence and absence of MYC overexpression or knockdown. Findings: The data reveal that both budesonide and prednisolone significantly alter the transcriptional landscape, with effects on MYC target gene expression. Both drugs upregulate pro-apoptotic genes via GR-mediated inhibition of key transcription factors such as NF-κB, while also upregulating anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, the study confirms direct transcriptional repression of MYC by glucocorticoids, which underpins apoptotic and anti-proliferative responses. Comparative analyses show that while both drugs share common regulatory pathways there are some differences in intensity of the pathways are activated. This work enhances the understanding of MYC-glucocorticoid interplay at the transcriptional level, suggesting that there is a synthetic lethality correlation between this oncogene and glucocorticoids which is cause to activation of programmed cell death and apoptosis.
Questa tesi indaga il cross-talk trascrizionale tra il fattore di trascrizione oncogenico MYC e due farmaci glucoccorticoidi, budesonide e prednisolone. Lo studio si concentra su come questi glucocorticoidi, attraverso la loro azione sul recettore dei glucocorticoidi (GR), modulino le reti di espressione genica e interagiscano con le vie regolate da MYC. MYC è un regolatore cruciale della crescita e del metabolismo cellulare, frequentemente disfunzionale nei tumori. I glucocorticoidi come budesonide e prednisolone esercitano effetti antinfiammatori e immunosoppressivi legandosi al GR, innescando risposte genomiche ampie che includono sia la transattivazione sia la repressione di geni bersaglio. È noto che il trattamento con glucocorticoidi sopprime la trascrizione di MYC, contribuendo all'attivazione di vie apoptotiche nelle cellule linfoidi. La tesi mira a chiarire i meccanismi alla base del cross-talk tra MYC e i farmaci glucocorticoidi a livello trascrizionale, con particolare attenzione alle azioni distinte e sovrapposte di budesonide e prednisolone. Il lavoro combina il profiling trascrizionale (sequenziamento bulk RNA-seq) e saggi mirati di espressione genica in un modello cellulare FLMycER esposto a budesonide o prednisolone, sia in presenza che in assenza di sovraespressione o silenziamento di MYC. Risultati: i dati mostrano che sia budesonide sia prednisolone modificano in modo significativo il paesaggio trascrizionale, influenzando l'espressione dei geni bersaglio di MYC. Entrambi i farmaci upregolano geni pro-apoptotici mediante l'inibizione mediata dal GR di fattori di trascrizione chiave come NF-κB, contestualmente all'induzione di mediatori anti-infiammatori. Di rilievo, lo studio conferma la repressione trascrizionale diretta di MYC da parte dei glucocorticoidi, alla base delle risposte apoptotiche e antiproliferative osservate. Le analisi comparative indicano che, sebbene i due farmaci condividano percorsi regolatori comuni, esistono alcune differenze nell'intensità con cui tali percorsi vengono attivati. Questo lavoro amplia la comprensione dell'interazione tra MYC e i glucocorticoidi a livello trascrizionale, suggerendo l'esistenza di una correlazione di letalità sintetica tra questo oncogene e i glucocorticoidi, che conduce all'attivazione della morte cellulare programmata (apoptosi).
Dialogo trascrizionale tra l'attivazione dell'oncogene MYC e la segnalazione dei glucocorticoidi: dinamiche temporali della letalità sintetica
RAVANBAKHSH, SINA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis investigates the transcriptional crosstalk between the oncogenic transcription factor MYC and two glucocorticoid drugs, budesonide and prednisolone. The study focuses on how these glucocorticoids, through their action on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), modulate gene expression networks and interact with MYC-regulated pathways. MYC is a pivotal regulator of cell growth and metabolism, frequently dysregulated in cancer. Glucocorticoids like budesonide and prednisolone act as a anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects by binding GR, initiating widespread genomic responses that include both transactivation and repression of target genes. Notably, glucocorticoid treatment is known to suppress c-myc transcription, contributing to apoptotic pathways in lymphoid cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between MYC and glucocorticoid drugs at the transcriptional level, with a particular emphasis on the distinct and overlapping actions of budesonide and prednisolone. The thesis combines transcriptomic profiling (Bulk RNA-sequencing) and targeted gene expression assays in cell model FLMycER exposed to budesonide or prednisolone, both in the presence and absence of MYC overexpression or knockdown. Findings: The data reveal that both budesonide and prednisolone significantly alter the transcriptional landscape, with effects on MYC target gene expression. Both drugs upregulate pro-apoptotic genes via GR-mediated inhibition of key transcription factors such as NF-κB, while also upregulating anti-inflammatory mediators. Importantly, the study confirms direct transcriptional repression of MYC by glucocorticoids, which underpins apoptotic and anti-proliferative responses. Comparative analyses show that while both drugs share common regulatory pathways there are some differences in intensity of the pathways are activated. This work enhances the understanding of MYC-glucocorticoid interplay at the transcriptional level, suggesting that there is a synthetic lethality correlation between this oncogene and glucocorticoids which is cause to activation of programmed cell death and apoptosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/31795