This thesis focuses on nuclear energy, examining lessons learned from the past and recent developments in the sector. Nuclear energy has increasingly become a central topic of public and political attention in relation to decarbonization and energy security objectives. The main focus of the research is at the European level, with particular attention to the Italian context. Through a literature review, past experiences in the nuclear sector were firstly analyzed, focusing on the Italian situation and the most recent nuclear projects developed across Europe. The analysis then focused on technological innovations in the nuclear sector, represented by Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), which are small and advanced nuclear fission reactors capable of reaching outputs of up to 300 MW. Following an introductory overview of these emerging technologies, the research investigated a largely unexplored aspect: the costs and economic aspects of these reactors. In this regard, an Excel- based calculation model was developed to determine the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of SMRs and AMRs. The LCOE is considered a suitable indicator for assessing the economic viability of an energy project and, in this research, it was calculated under three different scenarios: pessimistic, neutral and optimistic. Its sensitivity was analyzed with respect to two key components: capital expenditure and the Weighted Average Capital Cost (WACC). The analysis showed that both capital expenditure and WACC have a positive influence on the value of the LCOE, with the cost of capital having a slightly more significant impact.
La presente tesi si colloca nell’ambito dell’energia nucleare, concentrandosi sulle lezioni apprese dal passato e sui recenti sviluppi in questo settore. La tematica del nucleare è, infatti, sempre più spesso al centro dell’attenzione pubblica e politica, in relazione agli obiettivi di decarbonizzazione e di sicurezza dell’approvvigionamento energetico. Il focus principale della ricerca è a livello europeo, con particolare attenzione al contesto italiano. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura, sono state inizialmente analizzate le esperienze passate nel settore nucleare, concentrandosi sulla situazione italiana e sui recenti progetti nucleari sviluppati a livello europeo. In seguito, l’analisi si è focalizzata sulle innovazioni tecnologiche nel settore nucleare, rappresentate dagli Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) e dagli Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), piccoli reattori avanzati a fissione nucleare in grado di raggiungere potenze fino a 300 MW. Dopo una panoramica introduttiva su queste nuove tecnologie, la ricerca si è concentrata su un aspetto ancora poco approfondito, ovvero quello relativo ai costi di tali reattori. A questo proposito, è stato sviluppato un modello di calcolo su Excel per la determinazione del Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) degli SMRs e AMRs, considerando l’LCOE un indicatore idoneo a valutare la fattibilità economica di un progetto energetico. L’LCOE è stato calcolato in tre diversi scenari, pessimistico, neutrale e ottimistico, e ne è stata analizzata la sensitività rispetto a due delle sue componenti fondamentali: le spese di capitale e il Weighted Average Capital Cost (WACC). Dall’analisi è emerso che sia le spese di capitale che il WACC influenzano positivamente il valore dell’LCOE, con un impatto leggermente più rilevante esercitato dal costo medio ponderato del capitale.
LA NUOVA ERA DELL'ENERGIA NUCLEARE: INSEGNAMENTI DAL PASSATO E PROSPETTIVE FUTURE DEI PICCOLI REATTORI NUCLEARI
ORTOLANI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis focuses on nuclear energy, examining lessons learned from the past and recent developments in the sector. Nuclear energy has increasingly become a central topic of public and political attention in relation to decarbonization and energy security objectives. The main focus of the research is at the European level, with particular attention to the Italian context. Through a literature review, past experiences in the nuclear sector were firstly analyzed, focusing on the Italian situation and the most recent nuclear projects developed across Europe. The analysis then focused on technological innovations in the nuclear sector, represented by Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs), which are small and advanced nuclear fission reactors capable of reaching outputs of up to 300 MW. Following an introductory overview of these emerging technologies, the research investigated a largely unexplored aspect: the costs and economic aspects of these reactors. In this regard, an Excel- based calculation model was developed to determine the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of SMRs and AMRs. The LCOE is considered a suitable indicator for assessing the economic viability of an energy project and, in this research, it was calculated under three different scenarios: pessimistic, neutral and optimistic. Its sensitivity was analyzed with respect to two key components: capital expenditure and the Weighted Average Capital Cost (WACC). The analysis showed that both capital expenditure and WACC have a positive influence on the value of the LCOE, with the cost of capital having a slightly more significant impact.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/31926