Ciprofloxacin (CP) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections. The use of CP shows significant limitations due to its low lipophilicity, poor aqueous solubility, and oral bioavailability between 70% and 80%. These pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical issues have incouraged the search for alternative delivery approaches, including the use of eutectic lipid systems. The aim of this work was the development and the physico-chemical characterization of new release systems based on eutectic mixtures of fatty acids (FAs), capable of acting as a functional matrix for CP. Through physical mixing, two optimal eutectic mixtures were prepared with the compositions lauric acid : palmitic acid (0.75 Xm : 0.25 Xm) and lauric acid : stearic acid (0.82 Xm : 0.18 Xm), both with melting points close to body temperature (36.03 °C and 38.89 °C, respectively), making them suitable for drug incorporation. Analyses carried out through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR-ATR), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), and Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) allowed the evaluation of the interaction between CP and the lipid matrix. The most relevant result was obtained with the combination at the ratio 0.15 Xm CP : 0.85 Xm LAPA. In this system, DSC analysis showed the disappearance of the melting signal of pure CP and the appearance of a low-temperature endothermic event, suggesting that ciprofloxacin was successfully incorporated into the LAPA lipid matrix. HSM confirmed that the CP remains physically encapsulated within the "solid network" of the lipid matrix after its recrystallization. This system represents an interesting basis for addressing the solubility and bioavailability limitations of ciprofloxacin, facilitating the development of future modified-release formulations.
La Ciprofloxacina (CP) è un antibiotico fluorochinolonico ampiamente utilizzato per il trattamento di infezioni batteriche. L’impiego della CP mostra significative limitazioni a causa della sua bassa lipofilia, scarsa solubilità in acqua e biodisponibilità orale tra 70% e 80%. Queste problematiche a livello farmacocinetico e biofarmaceutico hanno spinto alla ricerca di alternative nella veicolazione, tra le quali l'impiego di sistemi lipidici eutettici. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è stato lo sviluppo e la caratterizzazione chimico-fisica di nuovi sistemi di rilascio basati su miscele eutettiche di acidi grassi (AG), capaci di agire come matrice funzionale per la CP. Tramite la miscelazione fisica, sono state preparate due miscele eutettiche ottimali con composizione acido laurico : acido palmitico (0.75 Xm : 0.25 Xm) e acido laurico : acido stearico (0.82 Xm : 0.18 Xm), entrambe con punto di fusione vicino alla temperatura corporea (rispettivamente 36.03 °C e 38.89 °C), quindi idonee per l'incorporazione del farmaco. Le analisi tramite Calorimetria Differenziale a Scansione (DSC), Spettroscopia Infrarossa (IR-ATR), Diffrazione a Raggi X (XRPD) e Termomicroscopia (HSM) hanno permesso la valutazione dell'interazione tra la CP e la matrice lipidica. Il risultato più rilevante è stato ottenuto con la combinazione nel rapporto 0.15 Xm CP : 0.85 Xm LAPA. In questo sistema, l'analisi DSC ha mostrato la scomparsa del segnale di fusione della CP pura e l'emergere di un evento endotermico a bassa temperatura, suggerendo che la Ciprofloxacina è stata incorporata con successo nella matrice lipidica LAPA. L'HSM ha confermato che la CP rimane fisicamente incapsulata nella “rete solida” della matrice lipidica dopo la sua ricristallizzazione. Questo sistema costituisce una base interessante per affrontare le limitazioni di solubilità e biodisponibilità della Ciprofloxacina, facilitando lo sviluppo di future formulazioni a rilascio modificato.
Sviluppo di nuovi derivati lipofili della Ciprofloxacina: preparazione e caratterizzazione chimico-fisica
HAMADEH, TAMMAM
2024/2025
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CP) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections. The use of CP shows significant limitations due to its low lipophilicity, poor aqueous solubility, and oral bioavailability between 70% and 80%. These pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical issues have incouraged the search for alternative delivery approaches, including the use of eutectic lipid systems. The aim of this work was the development and the physico-chemical characterization of new release systems based on eutectic mixtures of fatty acids (FAs), capable of acting as a functional matrix for CP. Through physical mixing, two optimal eutectic mixtures were prepared with the compositions lauric acid : palmitic acid (0.75 Xm : 0.25 Xm) and lauric acid : stearic acid (0.82 Xm : 0.18 Xm), both with melting points close to body temperature (36.03 °C and 38.89 °C, respectively), making them suitable for drug incorporation. Analyses carried out through Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR-ATR), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), and Hot Stage Microscopy (HSM) allowed the evaluation of the interaction between CP and the lipid matrix. The most relevant result was obtained with the combination at the ratio 0.15 Xm CP : 0.85 Xm LAPA. In this system, DSC analysis showed the disappearance of the melting signal of pure CP and the appearance of a low-temperature endothermic event, suggesting that ciprofloxacin was successfully incorporated into the LAPA lipid matrix. HSM confirmed that the CP remains physically encapsulated within the "solid network" of the lipid matrix after its recrystallization. This system represents an interesting basis for addressing the solubility and bioavailability limitations of ciprofloxacin, facilitating the development of future modified-release formulations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi_definitiva_ HAMADEH Tammam.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.74 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.74 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/32005