During Neolithics in Europe (Southern- & Alpine Europe from between 7000 BC-6000 BC to between 3500 BC-3000 BC and in southern Sweden between 4000 BC-1700 BC) the pile-dwelling phenomenon emerged and expanded over a great area. The dwellings were located in wetlands or located at the edge of lakes. The first pile-dwelling was discovered in 1853/54 in Switzerland (Hafner et al. 2020:1). Pile-dwelling research is of great importance due to the preservation of organic material in wet-lodge environments. Most of the previous research has been made on a specific site or a comparison of different aspects of the site e.g spread of artifacts and opium poppy. The purpose of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding of the similarities and differences of cultural, social, and economic aspects of pile-dwellings in different regions of Europe. This paper presents a comparative analysis of archaeological- and bioarchaeological remains from five pile-dwelling sites (Alvastra, Sweden; La Draga, Spain; Isola Virginia, central Italy; La Marmotta, Northern Italy and Ploča Mičov Grad, North Macedonia) in Europe. Scientific- and archaeological reports, papers and books available online and museum websites were used for the comparative study. The results of both the archaeological and bioarchaeological results of the comparative studies showed that all five sites relied on agriculture with remains of e.g. cereals, domestic animal bones and grinding tools. The sites also have evidence of the use of wild resources like berries and wild animals. The pile-dwellings were built by different culture groups evident by the pottery assemblies but still shows a lot of cultural similarities e.g. with rectangular structures built on a platform over the ground and the presence of opium poppy. The pile-dwellings seem to have been of great communal importance evident by the communal space in La Draga and Alvastra. The Alvastra pile-dwelling stands out from the rest of the pile-dwellings in the high presence of human bones and artifacts connected to ritual activities. There is some evidence for some artefacts in other pile-dwellings that might be connected to religious beliefs but more research is needed on the religious aspect of pile-dwellings in Europe to draw a conclusion on the religious importance of the dwellings.
Durante il Neolitico in Europa (Europa meridionale e alpina tra il 5500 a.C. e il 3500 a.C. e nella Svezia meridionale tra il 4000 a.C. e il 1700 a.C.) il fenomeno delle palafitte emerse e si espanse su una vasta area. Le abitazioni erano situate in zone umide o ai margini dei laghi. La prima palafitta fu scoperta nel 1853/54 in Svizzera (Hafner et al. 2020:1) e il suo studio è particolarmente rilevante per la ricerca preistorica grazie alla conservazione del materiale organico in ambienti umidi, che consente la documentazione di contesti altrimenti impossibili. La maggior parte delle ricerche precedenti è stata condotta su un sito specifico o sul confronto di diversi aspetti del sito, ad esempio la distribuzione di manufatti o sostanze specifiche, o valutazioni cronologiche. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di acquisire una maggiore comprensione delle somiglianze e delle differenze negli aspetti culturali, sociali ed economici delle palafitte in diverse regioni d'Europa, in periodi coevi o in contesti culturali comparabili. Questo studio presenta un'analisi comparativa dei resti archeologici e bioarcheologici provenienti da cinque siti palafitticoli (Alvastra, Svezia; La Draga, Spagna; Isola Virginia, Italia centrale; La Marmotta, Italia settentrionale e Ploča Mičov Grad, Macedonia del Nord) in Europa. Per lo studio comparativo sono stati utilizzati rapporti scientifici e archeologici, articoli e libri disponibili online e siti web di musei. I risultati, sia archeologici che bioarcheologici, degli studi comparativi hanno mostrato che tutti e cinque i siti si basavano sull'agricoltura, con resti di cereali, ossa di animali domestici e strumenti per la macinazione. I siti presentano anche prove dell'uso di risorse selvatiche come bacche e animali selvatici. Le palafitte sono state costruite da gruppi culturali diversi, come è evidente dai reperti ceramici, ma mostrano comunque numerose somiglianze culturali, ad esempio con strutture rettangolari costruite su una piattaforma sopra il terreno e la presenza di piante ed erbe specifiche, come i semi di papavero da oppio. Le palafitte sembrano aver avuto una grande importanza comunitaria, come dimostra lo spazio comune di La Draga e Alvastra, che si distingue dal resto delle palafitte per l'elevata presenza di ossa umane e manufatti legati ad attività rituali. Anche se ci sono prove di altri manufatti nelle palafitte che potrebbero essere collegati a credenze religiose, sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche sull'aspetto religioso delle palafitte in Europa per trarre una conclusione sull'importanza religiosa delle abitazioni.
Uno studio comparativo delle palafitta neolitiche in Europa
KARLSSON, HANNA LINA THERESIA
2024/2025
Abstract
During Neolithics in Europe (Southern- & Alpine Europe from between 7000 BC-6000 BC to between 3500 BC-3000 BC and in southern Sweden between 4000 BC-1700 BC) the pile-dwelling phenomenon emerged and expanded over a great area. The dwellings were located in wetlands or located at the edge of lakes. The first pile-dwelling was discovered in 1853/54 in Switzerland (Hafner et al. 2020:1). Pile-dwelling research is of great importance due to the preservation of organic material in wet-lodge environments. Most of the previous research has been made on a specific site or a comparison of different aspects of the site e.g spread of artifacts and opium poppy. The purpose of this thesis is to gain a greater understanding of the similarities and differences of cultural, social, and economic aspects of pile-dwellings in different regions of Europe. This paper presents a comparative analysis of archaeological- and bioarchaeological remains from five pile-dwelling sites (Alvastra, Sweden; La Draga, Spain; Isola Virginia, central Italy; La Marmotta, Northern Italy and Ploča Mičov Grad, North Macedonia) in Europe. Scientific- and archaeological reports, papers and books available online and museum websites were used for the comparative study. The results of both the archaeological and bioarchaeological results of the comparative studies showed that all five sites relied on agriculture with remains of e.g. cereals, domestic animal bones and grinding tools. The sites also have evidence of the use of wild resources like berries and wild animals. The pile-dwellings were built by different culture groups evident by the pottery assemblies but still shows a lot of cultural similarities e.g. with rectangular structures built on a platform over the ground and the presence of opium poppy. The pile-dwellings seem to have been of great communal importance evident by the communal space in La Draga and Alvastra. The Alvastra pile-dwelling stands out from the rest of the pile-dwellings in the high presence of human bones and artifacts connected to ritual activities. There is some evidence for some artefacts in other pile-dwellings that might be connected to religious beliefs but more research is needed on the religious aspect of pile-dwellings in Europe to draw a conclusion on the religious importance of the dwellings.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/32380