In recent decades, technological advancements and increased international mobility have profoundly transformed the world of work, giving rise to telework and cross-border employment. Telework allows individuals to perform their duties remotely using digital tools. Cross-border employment is a different pehnomenon and it's more traditional and older than remote working. It involves the daily movement of workers across borders to fulfill their professional obligations. Although these phenomena occur in different contexts, they share points of intersection, particularly in the fiscal sphere, and pose new challenges for both national and international tax law. This thesis examines the tax aspects of telework and cross-border employment across three chapters. The first chapter explores the definitions and legal foundations of these institutions, highlighting the regulatory evolution of telework in both public and private sectors, and the fragmented regulation of cross-border work, primarily governed through double taxation treaties and administrative practice. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal framework, analyzing Italian domestic law, its interaction with international treaties, and the main practical issues arising, with particular reference to tax residency, Article 15 of the OECD Model, and remote workers, including digital nomads. The third chapter presents a case study on tax relations between Italy and Switzerland, outlining the historical evolution of cross-border worker regulations, the recent changes introduced in 2020, and the solutions adopted during the pandemic to reconcile telework and cross-border employment.
Negli ultimi decenni, l’evoluzione tecnologica e l’incremento della mobilità internazionale hanno trasformato profondamente il mondo del lavoro, dando impulso al telelavoro. Il telelavoro consente di svolgere le proprie mansioni a distanza tramite strumenti digitali. Il lavoro transfrontaliero, invece, è un fenomeno più risalente e tradizionale, che comporta lo spostamento quotidiano dei lavoratori oltre confine per adempiere ai propri obblighi professionali. Pur appartenendo a contesti differenti, entrambi i fenomeni presentano punti di intersezione, in particolare sul piano fiscale, e pongono nuove sfide al diritto tributario nazionale e internazionale. La tesi analizza i profili fiscali di telelavoro e frontalierato in tre capitoli. Il primo approfondisce le definizioni e le basi giuridiche degli istituti, evidenziando l’evoluzione normativa del telelavoro in ambito pubblico e privato, e la regolamentazione frammentaria del lavoro frontaliero, disciplinato soprattutto tramite convenzioni contro le doppie imposizioni e prassi amministrativa. Il secondo capitolo si concentra sulla disciplina fiscale, considerando la normativa interna italiana, la sua interazione con i trattati internazionali e le principali problematiche applicative, con particolare riferimento alla residenza fiscale, all’art. 15 del Modello OCSE e ai lavoratori da remoto, inclusi i nomadi digitali. Il terzo capitolo propone un caso studio sui rapporti fiscali tra Italia e Svizzera, evidenziando l’evoluzione storica della normativa frontaliere, le recenti modifiche intervenute nel 2020 e le soluzioni adottate durante la pandemia per conciliare telelavoro e frontalierato.
Profili fiscali internazionali del telelavoro e del frontalierato
GANAU, SILVIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent decades, technological advancements and increased international mobility have profoundly transformed the world of work, giving rise to telework and cross-border employment. Telework allows individuals to perform their duties remotely using digital tools. Cross-border employment is a different pehnomenon and it's more traditional and older than remote working. It involves the daily movement of workers across borders to fulfill their professional obligations. Although these phenomena occur in different contexts, they share points of intersection, particularly in the fiscal sphere, and pose new challenges for both national and international tax law. This thesis examines the tax aspects of telework and cross-border employment across three chapters. The first chapter explores the definitions and legal foundations of these institutions, highlighting the regulatory evolution of telework in both public and private sectors, and the fragmented regulation of cross-border work, primarily governed through double taxation treaties and administrative practice. The second chapter focuses on the fiscal framework, analyzing Italian domestic law, its interaction with international treaties, and the main practical issues arising, with particular reference to tax residency, Article 15 of the OECD Model, and remote workers, including digital nomads. The third chapter presents a case study on tax relations between Italy and Switzerland, outlining the historical evolution of cross-border worker regulations, the recent changes introduced in 2020, and the solutions adopted during the pandemic to reconcile telework and cross-border employment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/32762