Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults and accounts for about half of all malignant brain tumors. It is a highly aggressive neoplasm (CNS, WHO grade 4) with a poor prognosis, despite multimodal treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide). In addition to marked therapeutic resistance/insensitivity, this tumor is characterized by high heterogeneity and widespread infiltration into the brain parenchyma, which constitutes a central barrier to complete surgical resection and effective treatment. In this context, the thesis evaluated how oxidative stress and inflammatory condition remodel cell migration and descriptive parameters of cytoskeletal remodeling/polarity, depending on the cell line and pharmacological perturbations targeting signals involved in migration. To this end, two in vitro models of human glioblastoma (U251 and T98G) were used, in which oxidative stress was induced with H₂O₂ and the inflammatory condition with LPS. These stimuli were combined with targeted treatments, including an RTK signaling inhibitor (imatinib, PDGFR inhibitor) and cathepsin-directed approaches (CA-074Me and a cathepsin L inhibitor). The experimental stimuli H₂O₂ and LPS were optimized using Western blot analysis, monitoring SOD2 and COX-2 as markers of oxidative and pro-inflammatory response, respectively, and selecting doses based on the induction profile of the markers compared to the control. The tolerability of the conditions and combinations was then verified using an MTT assay. Consistent with the purpose of the study, functional analysis of collective migration under different conditions was conducted using a scratch assay; in parallel, descriptive measurements were obtained using immunofluorescence (β-actin and CDC42) and morphometry (aspect ratio). The most relevant results concern the scratch assay, which showed a response strongly dependent on the cell line and context. In T98G, RTK inhibition with imatinib reduced migration, with the most marked effect in oxidative stress (imatinib + H₂O₂ combination). In U251, the effects were more modest, but differences emerged especially in imatinib + H₂O₂ and CA-074Me in inflammation. Overall, the data obtained under the different experimental conditions suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation do not produce a uniform effect but differentially remodel migration/polarity modules depending on the cellular background and experimental context.
Il glioblastoma è il più frequente tumore maligno primitivo del sistema nervoso centrale nell’adulto e rappresenta circa la metà dei tumori cerebrali maligni. È una neoplasia altamente aggressiva (SNC, OMS grado 4) e a prognosi sfavorevole, nonostante l’approccio multimodale (chirurgia, radioterapia e temozolomide). Oltre alla marcata resistenza/insensibilità terapeutica, questo tumore è caratterizzato da un’elevata eterogeneità e da un’infiltrazione diffusa nel parenchima cerebrale, che costituisce una barriera centrale alla completa resezione chirurgica e all’efficacia delle terapie. In questo contesto, la tesi ha valutato come lo stress ossidativo e una condizione infiammatoria rimodulino la migrazione cellulare e parametri descrittivi del rimodellamento citoscheletrico/polarità, in funzione della linea cellulare e di perturbazioni farmacologiche mirate a segnali coinvolti nella migrazione. A tale scopo sono stati impiegati due modelli in vitro di glioblastoma umano (U251 e T98G), in cui lo stress ossidativo è stato indotto con H₂O₂ e la condizione infiammatoria con LPS. Questi stimoli sono stati combinati con trattamenti mirati, includendo un inibitore della segnalazione RTK (imatinib, inibitore del PDGFR) e approcci “cathepsin-directed” (CA-074Me e un inibitore della catepsina L). Gli stimoli sperimentali H₂O₂ e LPS sono stati ottimizzati mediante Western blot, monitorando SOD2 e COX-2 come marker di risposta rispettivamente ossidativa e pro-infiammatoria, e selezionando le dosi in base al profilo di induzione dei marker rispetto al controllo. La tollerabilità delle condizioni e delle combinazioni è stata quindi verificata tramite saggio MTT. Coerentemente con lo scopo del lavoro, l’analisi funzionale della migrazione collettiva nelle diverse condizioni è stata condotta mediante scratch assay; in parallelo, sono state ottenute misure descrittive tramite immunofluorescenza (β-actina e CDC42) e morfometria (aspect ratio). I risultati più rilevanti riguardano lo scratch assay, che ha evidenziato una risposta fortemente dipendente dalla linea cellulare e dal contesto. In T98G, l’inibizione RTK con imatinib ha ridotto la migrazione, con l’effetto più marcato in stress ossidativo (combinazione imatinib + H₂O₂). In U251, gli effetti sono risultati più contenuti, ma sono emerse differenze soprattutto in imatinib + H₂O₂ e in CA-074Me in infiammazione. Nel complesso, i dati ottenuti nelle diverse condizioni sperimentali suggeriscono che lo stress ossidativo e l’infiammazione non producano un effetto uniforme, ma rimodulino in modo differenziale i moduli di migrazione/polarità in funzione del background cellulare e del contesto sperimentale.
Determinanti molecolari della migrazione cellulare su linee di glioblastoma U251 e T98G in condizioni di stress infiammatorio e ossidativo: ruolo del citoscheletro e dei segnali proteolitici
SIMONE, MATTIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults and accounts for about half of all malignant brain tumors. It is a highly aggressive neoplasm (CNS, WHO grade 4) with a poor prognosis, despite multimodal treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide). In addition to marked therapeutic resistance/insensitivity, this tumor is characterized by high heterogeneity and widespread infiltration into the brain parenchyma, which constitutes a central barrier to complete surgical resection and effective treatment. In this context, the thesis evaluated how oxidative stress and inflammatory condition remodel cell migration and descriptive parameters of cytoskeletal remodeling/polarity, depending on the cell line and pharmacological perturbations targeting signals involved in migration. To this end, two in vitro models of human glioblastoma (U251 and T98G) were used, in which oxidative stress was induced with H₂O₂ and the inflammatory condition with LPS. These stimuli were combined with targeted treatments, including an RTK signaling inhibitor (imatinib, PDGFR inhibitor) and cathepsin-directed approaches (CA-074Me and a cathepsin L inhibitor). The experimental stimuli H₂O₂ and LPS were optimized using Western blot analysis, monitoring SOD2 and COX-2 as markers of oxidative and pro-inflammatory response, respectively, and selecting doses based on the induction profile of the markers compared to the control. The tolerability of the conditions and combinations was then verified using an MTT assay. Consistent with the purpose of the study, functional analysis of collective migration under different conditions was conducted using a scratch assay; in parallel, descriptive measurements were obtained using immunofluorescence (β-actin and CDC42) and morphometry (aspect ratio). The most relevant results concern the scratch assay, which showed a response strongly dependent on the cell line and context. In T98G, RTK inhibition with imatinib reduced migration, with the most marked effect in oxidative stress (imatinib + H₂O₂ combination). In U251, the effects were more modest, but differences emerged especially in imatinib + H₂O₂ and CA-074Me in inflammation. Overall, the data obtained under the different experimental conditions suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation do not produce a uniform effect but differentially remodel migration/polarity modules depending on the cellular background and experimental context.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI MATTIA SIMONE- Determinanti molecolari della migrazione cellulare su linee di glioblastoma U251 e T98G in condizioni di stress infiammatorio e ossidativo ruolo del citoscheletro e dei segnali proteolitici.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/32923