The global water deficit, notably in Iran, is a major environmental problem. Recent research predicts a global water deficit in 20 years. Experts say this issue would result from surface and subterranean water source contamination, inadequate worldwide collaboration in optimal water usage, poor rainfall retention management, and excessive and unsustainable water resource use.The growing global population, increased demand for agricultural products and food, and declining water quality, especially in Iran's arid and semi-arid regions, require efficient water use across all sectors, especially agriculture, the largest water consumer.Water resource managers and planners must reduce water extraction while protecting livelihoods. This demands a thorough study of wastewater reuse and water recycling. Reclaiming wastewater might reduce environmental degradation in contemporary life. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been suggested to remove environmental toxins. Despite their high costs, physical and chemical treatments alter soil properties, diminish biodiversity, and make it infertile and unsuitable for plant production. Phytoremediation is cheap and doesn't need skilled workers. It effectively removes organic and inorganic contaminants and prevents soil degradation, unlike other methods. Modern phytoremediation uses plants to remove heavy metals, organic chemicals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and radioactive contaminants. Reports say aquatic vegetation has cleaned contaminated water in nuclear zones of Russia. The research showed that certain plants can store heavy metals without becoming hazardous. Previous research show that certain aquatic plants and algae may bioaccumulate cadmium, chromium, lead, cobalt, silver, selenium, and mercury. Heavy metal buildup may kill most plants, although some can withstand and sequester them. Azolla filiculoides may absorb and accumulate heavy metals from contaminated water habitats while being tolerant. This study compares phytoremediation with aquaponics for wastewater treatment and biofuel generation. Contemporary wastewater treatment uses phytoremediation, a biological purifying process. Microorganisms degrade organic substances, contaminants, and minerals in industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastewater without chemicals, improving effluent quality. Rotational aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics are used in aquaponics to raise vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Recent advances by researchers and producers have made aquaponics a sustainable agricultural model. Early biofuel production from industrial and urban wastewater, food products, and oilseeds increased global focus on water and energy sustainability, resulting in competition for agricultural land, open water, and natural landscapes, which hindered biofuel production. Growing microalgae in wastewater is a sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment method. This technology minimizes wastewater nutrient extraction and microalgae cultivation fertilizer and water expenses, according to reports. Urban wastewater allows microalgae to extract nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce organic carbon emissions. Water shortages are a global environmental issue, especially in Iran. Recent research predicts a global water deficit in 20 years. Experts say this issue will develop from surface and underground water source contamination, inadequate global collaboration in optimal water usage, poor rainfall retention management, and excessive and unsustainable water resource use.The growing global population, rising demand for agricultural commodities and food, and diminishing water quality, especially in Iran's arid and semi-arid regions, need efficient water management across all sectors, with a focus on agriculture, the biggest water user.Water resource managers and planners must protect livelihoods from water exploitation. Comprehensive wastewater reclamation and water recycling research is needed. Wastewater reclamation m
Il deficit idrico globale, in particolare in Iran, è un grave problema ambientale. Recenti ricerche prevedono un deficit idrico globale entro 20 anni. Gli esperti affermano che questa problematica sarà causata dalla contaminazione delle risorse idriche superficiali e sotterranee, dalla mancanza di collaborazione globale nell’uso ottimale dell’acqua, dalla cattiva gestione della ritenzione delle precipitazioni e da un uso eccessivo e insostenibile delle risorse idriche. La crescente popolazione mondiale, la maggiore domanda di prodotti agricoli e alimentari e il peggioramento della qualità dell’acqua, soprattutto nelle regioni aride e semi-aride dell’Iran, richiedono un uso efficiente dell’acqua in tutti i settori, con particolare attenzione all’agricoltura, il maggior consumatore d’acqua. I gestori e i pianificatori delle risorse idriche devono ridurre l’estrazione d’acqua proteggendo al contempo i mezzi di sussistenza. Questo richiede uno studio approfondito del riutilizzo delle acque reflue e del riciclo dell’acqua. Il recupero delle acque reflue potrebbe ridurre il degrado ambientale, che è un problema significativo nella vita contemporanea. Sono stati proposti approcci fisici, chimici e biologici per rimuovere le sostanze tossiche ambientali. Nonostante i loro alti costi, i trattamenti fisici e chimici modificano le proprietà del suolo, riducono la biodiversità e lo rendono sterile e inadatto alla produzione vegetale. La fitorimediazione è economica e non richiede manodopera specializzata. È efficace nella rimozione di contaminanti organici e inorganici e previene il degrado del suolo, diversamente da altri metodi. La fitorimediazione moderna utilizza le piante per rimuovere metalli pesanti, sostanze chimiche organiche, pesticidi, idrocarburi e contaminanti radioattivi. Si riportano casi in cui la vegetazione acquatica ha purificato l’acqua contaminata nelle zone nucleari della Russia. La ricerca ha dimostrato che alcune piante possono accumulare metalli pesanti senza diventare pericolose. Studi precedenti mostrano che alcune piante acquatiche e alghe possono bioaccumulare cadmio, cromo, piombo, cobalto, argento, selenio e mercurio. L’accumulo di metalli pesanti può uccidere la maggior parte delle piante, ma alcune possono sopportare e sequestrarli. L’Azolla filiculoides può assorbire e accumulare metalli pesanti da ambienti acquatici contaminati mostrando una certa tolleranza. Questo studio confronta la fitorimediazione con l’acquaponica per il trattamento delle acque reflue e la produzione di biocarburanti. Il trattamento moderno delle acque reflue utilizza la fitorimediazione, un processo biologico di purificazione. I microrganismi degradano sostanze organiche, contaminanti e minerali nelle acque reflue industriali, agricole e municipali senza l'uso di sostanze chimiche, migliorando la qualità dell’effluente. L’acquaponica combina l’acquacoltura rotazionale (allevamento di pesci) e l’idroponica per coltivare verdure, frutta e fiori. I recenti progressi di ricercatori e produttori hanno reso l’acquaponica un modello agricolo sostenibile. La produzione iniziale di biocarburanti da acque reflue industriali e urbane, prodotti alimentari e semi oleosi ha aumentato l’attenzione globale sulla sostenibilità dell’acqua e dell’energia, risultando in una competizione per le terre agricole, l’acqua libera e i paesaggi naturali, che ha ostacolato la produzione di biocarburanti. La coltivazione di microalghe nelle acque reflue è un metodo sostenibile ed economico per il trattamento delle acque reflue. Questa tecnologia riduce l’estrazione di nutrienti dalle acque reflue e i costi di fertilizzanti e acqua per la coltivazione di microalghe, secondo alcuni studi. Le acque reflue urbane consentono alle microalghe di estrarre azoto e fosforo e di ridurre le emissioni di carbonio organico.
Indagine sulla possibilità di trattamento delle acque reflue utilizzando il metodo combinato di fitorisanamento e acquaponica e la produzione primaria di biocarburanti (sistema acquaponico con Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus e pesce Cyprinus carpio).
BABAN ZADEH, OMID
2023/2024
Abstract
The global water deficit, notably in Iran, is a major environmental problem. Recent research predicts a global water deficit in 20 years. Experts say this issue would result from surface and subterranean water source contamination, inadequate worldwide collaboration in optimal water usage, poor rainfall retention management, and excessive and unsustainable water resource use.The growing global population, increased demand for agricultural products and food, and declining water quality, especially in Iran's arid and semi-arid regions, require efficient water use across all sectors, especially agriculture, the largest water consumer.Water resource managers and planners must reduce water extraction while protecting livelihoods. This demands a thorough study of wastewater reuse and water recycling. Reclaiming wastewater might reduce environmental degradation in contemporary life. Physical, chemical, and biological approaches have been suggested to remove environmental toxins. Despite their high costs, physical and chemical treatments alter soil properties, diminish biodiversity, and make it infertile and unsuitable for plant production. Phytoremediation is cheap and doesn't need skilled workers. It effectively removes organic and inorganic contaminants and prevents soil degradation, unlike other methods. Modern phytoremediation uses plants to remove heavy metals, organic chemicals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, and radioactive contaminants. Reports say aquatic vegetation has cleaned contaminated water in nuclear zones of Russia. The research showed that certain plants can store heavy metals without becoming hazardous. Previous research show that certain aquatic plants and algae may bioaccumulate cadmium, chromium, lead, cobalt, silver, selenium, and mercury. Heavy metal buildup may kill most plants, although some can withstand and sequester them. Azolla filiculoides may absorb and accumulate heavy metals from contaminated water habitats while being tolerant. This study compares phytoremediation with aquaponics for wastewater treatment and biofuel generation. Contemporary wastewater treatment uses phytoremediation, a biological purifying process. Microorganisms degrade organic substances, contaminants, and minerals in industrial, agricultural, and municipal wastewater without chemicals, improving effluent quality. Rotational aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics are used in aquaponics to raise vegetables, fruits, and flowers. Recent advances by researchers and producers have made aquaponics a sustainable agricultural model. Early biofuel production from industrial and urban wastewater, food products, and oilseeds increased global focus on water and energy sustainability, resulting in competition for agricultural land, open water, and natural landscapes, which hindered biofuel production. Growing microalgae in wastewater is a sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment method. This technology minimizes wastewater nutrient extraction and microalgae cultivation fertilizer and water expenses, according to reports. Urban wastewater allows microalgae to extract nitrogen and phosphorus and reduce organic carbon emissions. Water shortages are a global environmental issue, especially in Iran. Recent research predicts a global water deficit in 20 years. Experts say this issue will develop from surface and underground water source contamination, inadequate global collaboration in optimal water usage, poor rainfall retention management, and excessive and unsustainable water resource use.The growing global population, rising demand for agricultural commodities and food, and diminishing water quality, especially in Iran's arid and semi-arid regions, need efficient water management across all sectors, with a focus on agriculture, the biggest water user.Water resource managers and planners must protect livelihoods from water exploitation. Comprehensive wastewater reclamation and water recycling research is needed. Wastewater reclamation m| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis_Omid Baban Zadeh.pdf
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