Climate change exerts profound influences on hydrological systems, particularly in rapidly urbanizing and climatically vulnerable regions such as Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the spatio-temporal impacts of climate change on key hydrological components—including precipitation patterns, surface runoff, infiltration processes, and land use transformations—over the period 2002 to 2022. Utilizing high-resolution spatial datasets, digital elevation models (DEMs), satellite-derived land cover classifications, and long-term meteorological records, the research integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical modeling techniques to simulate hydrological responses under evolving climatic and urbanization scenarios. The analysis focuses on three major river basins—Mbezi, Msimbazi, and Kizinga—highlighting significant increases in impervious surfaces and altered runoff dynamics due to urban sprawl and intensified precipitation events. The results reveal a marked amplification of flood risk, especially in low-lying and informally developed areas. These areas, typically lacking adequate infrastructure, formal planning, and basic services such as drainage systems, are particularly vulnerable to flooding under changing climatic conditions. The findings underscore the urgent need to mainstream climate projections into urban water management strategies and land use planning frameworks. By providing empirical evidence and spatial insights, this study offers a strategic foundation for enhancing hydrological resilience and adaptive capacity in fast-growing coastal cities exposed to escalating climate-related hazards.
I cambiamenti climatici esercitano un’influenza profonda sui sistemi idrologici, in particolare nelle regioni soggette a rapida urbanizzazione e vulnerabilità climatica, come Dar es Salaam, in Tanzania. Questo studio presenta una valutazione dettagliata degli impatti spaziotemporali dei cambiamenti climatici sui principali componenti idrologici—tra cui le precipitazioni, il deflusso superficiale, l’infiltrazione e le trasformazioni dell’uso del suolo—nel periodo compreso tra il 2002 e il 2022. Attraverso l’utilizzo di dataset spaziali ad alta risoluzione, modelli digitali di elevazione (DEM), classificazioni dell’uso del suolo ottenute da immagini satellitari e dati meteorologici storici, la ricerca integra sistemi informativi geografici (GIS) e modelli statistici per simulare le risposte idrologiche in scenari in evoluzione legati al clima e all’urbanizzazione. L’analisi si concentra su tre principali bacini fluviali—Mbezi, Msimbazi e Kizinga—evidenziando un notevole aumento delle superfici impermeabili e variazioni nei regimi di deflusso dovute all’espansione urbana e a eventi pluviometrici più intensi. I risultati evidenziano un incremento significativo del rischio di alluvioni, specialmente nelle aree basse e insediamenti informali. Le mappe di vulnerabilità ottenute individuano zone critiche che richiedono interventi infrastrutturali urgenti e misure strategiche di adattamento. Le conclusioni sottolineano l’importanza di integrare le proiezioni climatiche nella pianificazione urbana delle risorse idriche e nella gestione dell’uso del suolo. Fornendo evidenze empiriche e analisi spaziali, lo studio costituisce una base strategica per rafforzare la resilienza idrologica e la capacità di adattamento nelle città costiere in rapida crescita esposte a rischi climatici crescenti.
Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Urban Hydrological Processes Using GIS-Based Modelling: A Case Study Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
BABAPOORKAMANI, ALIREZA
2023/2024
Abstract
Climate change exerts profound influences on hydrological systems, particularly in rapidly urbanizing and climatically vulnerable regions such as Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the spatio-temporal impacts of climate change on key hydrological components—including precipitation patterns, surface runoff, infiltration processes, and land use transformations—over the period 2002 to 2022. Utilizing high-resolution spatial datasets, digital elevation models (DEMs), satellite-derived land cover classifications, and long-term meteorological records, the research integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical modeling techniques to simulate hydrological responses under evolving climatic and urbanization scenarios. The analysis focuses on three major river basins—Mbezi, Msimbazi, and Kizinga—highlighting significant increases in impervious surfaces and altered runoff dynamics due to urban sprawl and intensified precipitation events. The results reveal a marked amplification of flood risk, especially in low-lying and informally developed areas. These areas, typically lacking adequate infrastructure, formal planning, and basic services such as drainage systems, are particularly vulnerable to flooding under changing climatic conditions. The findings underscore the urgent need to mainstream climate projections into urban water management strategies and land use planning frameworks. By providing empirical evidence and spatial insights, this study offers a strategic foundation for enhancing hydrological resilience and adaptive capacity in fast-growing coastal cities exposed to escalating climate-related hazards.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Alireza11.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: This thesis done under Erasmus+ ,evaluates climate change impacts on urban hydrology in Dar es Salaam, analyzing land use, runoff, and rainfall patterns through GIS-based modeling to support sustainable planning in rapidly growing African coastal cities.
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8.27 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33500