The progressive aging of the population is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia, representing one of the major contemporary healthcare challenges (WHO, 2017). In this context, the literature identifies the case-finding strategy as a targeted approach for the early identification of individuals at risk or experiencing cognitive decline. This thesis project analyzes a specific action within the C-FiND project (Case-Finding for Neurocognitive Disorders), which was developed in response to the Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), calling for the evaluation of the effectiveness of case-finding strategies as an active case-detection method within groups at high risk of developing dementia (SNLG, 2024). The study sample, consisting of 390 participants (aged 50–94 years), was recruited through three community-based settings: General Practitioners’ (GPs) offices, the “Centrale Operativa Demenze” (COD) help desk, and Open Day events. The case-finding strategy included a clinical interview with a neuropsychologist, the collection of anamnestic data, and the administration of the LIBRA (Franchini et al., 2019) index and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III; Pigliautile et al., 2019). Significant differences between settings emerged in terms of age, years of education, and ACE III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) scores, with the GP setting characterized by older participants, lower educational levels, and poorer cognitive performance. Twelve percent of the sample obtained a deficient or borderline score on the ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019), with a higher percentage of positive cases in the GP setting. Among participants who obtained a deficient or borderline ACE-III score (Pigliautile et al., 2019) and underwent second-level neuropsychological assessment, 43.5% showed a cognitive profile consistent with Minor Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) and 39.1% showed a profile consistent with Major NCD. The most relevant finding is that 56.2% of participants who underwent second-level neuropsychological assessment, despite having ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) scores within the normal range, showed a cognitive profile consistent with Minor NCD. The results obtained to date therefore support the effectiveness of case-finding as a useful tool to promote early diagnosis and timely care for individuals with early cognitive decline. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of clinical judgment in the early diagnostic process, complementing the use of standardized cognitive assessment tools.
Il progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione è associato ad un incremento della prevalenza della demenza, rappresentando una delle principali sfide sanitarie contemporanee (WHO, 2017). In questo contesto, la letteratura individua la strategia di case-finding come metodo che ha lo scopo di individuare precocemente il declino cognitivo e l’eventuale presenza di demenza (Ranson et al., 2018). Il presente progetto di tesi analizza un’azione specifica del progetto C-FiND (Case-Finding for Neurocognitive Disorders), che nasce in risposta alla richiesta delle Linee Guida italiane per la diagnosi e il trattamento di demenza e MCI di valutare l’efficacia di strategie di case-finding come metodo di ricerca attiva dei casi all’interno di gruppi ad alto rischio di sviluppare demenza (SNLG, 2024). Il campione studiato, composto da 390 partecipanti (età 50–94 anni), è stato reclutato attraverso tre setting territoriali: studi dei Medici di Medicina Generale (MMG), sportello “Centrale Operativa Demenze” (COD) e Open Day. La strategia di case-finding ha previsto un colloquio clinico con un neuropsicologo, la raccolta di dati anamnestici e la somministrazione del LIBRA (Franchini et al., 2019) index e dell’Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III; Pigliautile et al., 2019). Differenze significative tra i setting sono emerse per età, anni di istruzione e punteggi ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019), con il setting MMG caratterizzato da partecipanti più anziani, con minore scolarità e prestazioni cognitive inferiori. Il 12% del campione ha ottenuto un punteggio deficitario o borderline all’ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019), con una maggiore percentuale di casi positivi nel setting MMG. Tra i partecipanti che hanno ottenuto un punteggio deficitario o borderline all’ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) sottoposti a valutazione neuropsicologica di II livello, il 43.5% ha ottenuto un profilo cognitivo compatibile con Minor NCD e il 39.1% ha ottenuto un profilo cognitivo compatibile con Major NCD. Il dato più rilevante è rappresentato dal fatto che il 56.2% dei partecipanti sottoposti a valutazione neuropsicologica di II livello, in presenza di punteggi ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) nella norma, ha ottenuto un profilo cognitivo compatibile con Minor NCD. I risultati ottenuti fino ad oggi, pertanto, supportano l’efficacia del case-finding come strumento utile a favorire una diagnosi precoce e una presa in carico tempestiva delle persone con iniziale decadimento cognitivo. Inoltre, sottolineano l’importanza del ruolo del giudizio clinico nel processo di diagnosi precoce, ad integrazione dell’utilizzo di strumenti di valutazione cognitiva standardizzati.
Progetto C-FiND: valutazione dell'efficacia di una strategia di case-finding per individuare precocemente casi di declino cognitivo
ROSSI, LORENZA
2024/2025
Abstract
The progressive aging of the population is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia, representing one of the major contemporary healthcare challenges (WHO, 2017). In this context, the literature identifies the case-finding strategy as a targeted approach for the early identification of individuals at risk or experiencing cognitive decline. This thesis project analyzes a specific action within the C-FiND project (Case-Finding for Neurocognitive Disorders), which was developed in response to the Italian Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), calling for the evaluation of the effectiveness of case-finding strategies as an active case-detection method within groups at high risk of developing dementia (SNLG, 2024). The study sample, consisting of 390 participants (aged 50–94 years), was recruited through three community-based settings: General Practitioners’ (GPs) offices, the “Centrale Operativa Demenze” (COD) help desk, and Open Day events. The case-finding strategy included a clinical interview with a neuropsychologist, the collection of anamnestic data, and the administration of the LIBRA (Franchini et al., 2019) index and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III; Pigliautile et al., 2019). Significant differences between settings emerged in terms of age, years of education, and ACE III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) scores, with the GP setting characterized by older participants, lower educational levels, and poorer cognitive performance. Twelve percent of the sample obtained a deficient or borderline score on the ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019), with a higher percentage of positive cases in the GP setting. Among participants who obtained a deficient or borderline ACE-III score (Pigliautile et al., 2019) and underwent second-level neuropsychological assessment, 43.5% showed a cognitive profile consistent with Minor Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD) and 39.1% showed a profile consistent with Major NCD. The most relevant finding is that 56.2% of participants who underwent second-level neuropsychological assessment, despite having ACE-III (Pigliautile et al., 2019) scores within the normal range, showed a cognitive profile consistent with Minor NCD. The results obtained to date therefore support the effectiveness of case-finding as a useful tool to promote early diagnosis and timely care for individuals with early cognitive decline. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of clinical judgment in the early diagnostic process, complementing the use of standardized cognitive assessment tools.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33723