In this study, we experimentally tested two mechanisms that may be related to gender differences in ToM abilities in adolescence: felt pressure for gender conformity and male and female self-defining activities. ToM was measured with three tasks (TT, SF, and RMET). Felt pressure for gender conformity and participation in self-defining activities were assessed with two questionnaires (Felt Pressure to Conform Scale, Revised Personality Expressive Activities Questionnaire). Parametric and correlational analyses were conducted. In the sample of 497 participants aged 14 to 18 yo (53.5% female, 46.5% male), a female advantage in performance on the RMET task was observed, as well as greater perceived pressure to conform to gender norms among boys and participation in self-defining activities consistent with the participants' gender. A negative relationship between felt pressure for gender conformity and cross-gender self-defining activities emerged, as well as a positive correlation between female self-defining activities and RMET ability. These results suggest a role of female self-defining activities in ToM abilities, with a possible influence of male and female gender conformity, suggesting a possible explanation for the female advantage in the RMET task.
In questo elaborato, sono stati testati sperimentalmente due meccanismi che potrebbero avere una relazione con le differenze di genere nelle abilità di ToM in adolescenza: la pressione al conformismo di genere e le attività self-defining maschili e femminili. La ToM è stata misurata usando tre task: TT, ST e RMET. La pressione al conformismo e la partecipazione ad attività self-defining è stata misurata con due questionari: Felt Pressure to conform scale e Revised Personality Expressive Activities Questionnaire. Nel campione di 497 partecipanti tra 14 e 18 anni (53.5 % femmine, 46.5% maschi), è stato osservato un vantaggio femminile nella performance del compito RMET, oltre che una maggiore pressione al conformismo percepita dai ragazzi e una partecipazione ad attività self-defining coerente con il genere dei partecipanti. E' emersa una relazione negativa tra pressione al conformismo e attività self-defining del genere opposto e un legame positivo tra attività self-defining femminili e capacità nel RMET. Questi risultati indicano un ruolo delle attività self-defining femminili nelle capacità di ToM, con anche una possibile influenza della pressione al conformismo di genere maschile e femminile, suggerendo una possibile spiegazione del vantaggio femminile nel compito RMET.
Le differenze di genere nella Teoria della Mente in adolescenza: il ruolo della pressione al conformismo di genere e delle attività self-defining
FONTANA, CLIO
2024/2025
Abstract
In this study, we experimentally tested two mechanisms that may be related to gender differences in ToM abilities in adolescence: felt pressure for gender conformity and male and female self-defining activities. ToM was measured with three tasks (TT, SF, and RMET). Felt pressure for gender conformity and participation in self-defining activities were assessed with two questionnaires (Felt Pressure to Conform Scale, Revised Personality Expressive Activities Questionnaire). Parametric and correlational analyses were conducted. In the sample of 497 participants aged 14 to 18 yo (53.5% female, 46.5% male), a female advantage in performance on the RMET task was observed, as well as greater perceived pressure to conform to gender norms among boys and participation in self-defining activities consistent with the participants' gender. A negative relationship between felt pressure for gender conformity and cross-gender self-defining activities emerged, as well as a positive correlation between female self-defining activities and RMET ability. These results suggest a role of female self-defining activities in ToM abilities, with a possible influence of male and female gender conformity, suggesting a possible explanation for the female advantage in the RMET task.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi di Laurea Magistrale - Clio Fontana.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi di laurea magistrale di Clio Fontana
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33766