This study proposes a novel multiphase separation technology, the General Field Spiral Separator (GFSS), designed to overcome the limitations of conventional gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and mesh demisters under high gas–liquid ratios, compact space constraints, and low-energy requirements. The GFSS employs a vertical axisymmetric configuration that integrates gravity settling with spiral-induced stratification within a single-helix flow path. Through a tangential inlet, spiral-guided channel, stratified separation chamber, and adaptive liquid discharge system, the device establishes a stable three-dimensional vortex field that promotes orderly phase migration and interface control. By extending residence time while suppressing turbulence and re-entrainment, the GFSS achieves high separation accuracy within a compact volume without relying on intense swirl. To evaluate its feasibility and separation mechanisms, a transient three-phase CFD model based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed, incorporating surface tension, gravity, and the SST k–ω turbulence closure model. The numerical grid contained more than seven million elements with local refinement in the separation layer. A methane–octane–water mixture was selected as the working system with an inlet velocity of 0.1 m/s. Simulation results show that the GFSS forms a quasi-laminar spiral flow field with a confined vortex core and low-turbulence regions near the wall, which facilitate stable wall-film formation and gravity-driven liquid drainage. The water phase achieved nearly complete recovery with an outlet purity of 0.99, while methane and octane purities reached 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Although octane separation was initially affected by recirculation, extended residence time and favorable wall interactions enabled effective recovery. The results indicate that vortex stability and wall wettability are key parameters governing GFSS performance. In addition to the single-stage configuration, a two-stage GFSS architecture is proposed. In this design, the first stage performs primary gas–liquid separation, while the second stage enables refined gas–gas or liquid–liquid separation, potentially enhanced by external electric or magnetic fields. This staged strategy provides high selectivity, reduced carryover, and strong industrial adaptability. Overall, the GFSS represents a passive, modular, low-pressure-drop, and scalable separation platform suitable for offshore modules, shale gas production, mobile processing units, and embedded multiphase reactors. The study provides theoretical validation, numerical evidence, and engineering design support, establishing a foundation for experimental prototyping and industrial deployment.
Questo studio propone una nuova tecnologia di separazione multifase, il General Field Spiral Separator (GFSS), progettata per superare i limiti dei separatori gravitazionali tradizionali, dei cicloni e dei demister a rete in condizioni di elevato rapporto gas–liquido, vincoli di spazio compatti e basse richieste energetiche. Il GFSS adotta una configurazione verticale assialsimmetrica che integra la sedimentazione gravitazionale con la stratificazione indotta da un moto elicoidale lungo un percorso a singola elica. Attraverso un ingresso tangenziale, un canale guidato a spirale, una camera di separazione stratificata e un sistema di scarico liquido adattivo, il dispositivo genera un campo vorticoso tridimensionale stabile che favorisce la migrazione ordinata delle fasi e il controllo dell’interfaccia. Estendendo il tempo di residenza e sopprimendo turbolenza e re-entrainment, il GFSS raggiunge un’elevata accuratezza di separazione in un volume compatto senza richiedere vortici ad alta intensità. Per valutare la fattibilità e i meccanismi di separazione, è stato sviluppato un modello CFD transiente trifase basato sul metodo Volume of Fluid (VOF), includendo tensione superficiale, gravità e il modello di turbolenza SST k–ω. La griglia numerica comprende oltre sette milioni di elementi, con raffinamenti locali nella zona di separazione. Come sistema di lavoro è stata adottata una miscela metano–ottano–acqua con velocità di ingresso pari a 0,1 m/s. I risultati delle simulazioni mostrano che il GFSS genera un campo di moto elicoidale quasi laminare con nucleo vorticoso confinato e regioni a bassa turbolenza vicino alle pareti, favorendo la formazione stabile di un film liquido e il drenaggio gravitazionale. La fase acquosa ha raggiunto un recupero quasi completo con una purezza in uscita di 0,99, mentre le purezze di metano e ottano hanno raggiunto rispettivamente 0,98 e 0,92. Sebbene la separazione dell’ottano sia stata inizialmente influenzata da fenomeni di ricircolo, il maggiore tempo di residenza e le interazioni favorevoli con la parete hanno consentito un recupero efficace. I risultati indicano che la stabilità del vortice e la bagnabilità delle pareti sono parametri chiave che governano le prestazioni del GFSS. Oltre alla configurazione a stadio singolo, viene proposta un’architettura GFSS a due stadi. In questo schema, il primo stadio realizza la separazione primaria gas–liquido, mentre il secondo stadio consente una separazione più fine gas–gas o liquido–liquido, potenzialmente potenziata da campi elettrici o magnetici esterni. Questa strategia a stadi offre elevata selettività, ridotta trascinazione e forte adattabilità industriale. Nel complesso, il GFSS rappresenta una piattaforma di separazione passiva, modulare, a bassa perdita di carico e scalabile, adatta a moduli offshore, produzione di shale gas, unità mobili di trattamento e reattori multifase integrati. Lo studio fornisce validazione teorica, evidenze numeriche e supporto di progettazione ingegneristica, ponendo le basi per la prototipazione sperimentale e l’applicazione industriale.
Design, Numerical Simulation, and Performance Evaluation of a Novel General Field Spiral Separator (GFSS) for Multiphase Flow Systems
YANG, ZIJIE
2024/2025
Abstract
This study proposes a novel multiphase separation technology, the General Field Spiral Separator (GFSS), designed to overcome the limitations of conventional gravity settlers, cyclone separators, and mesh demisters under high gas–liquid ratios, compact space constraints, and low-energy requirements. The GFSS employs a vertical axisymmetric configuration that integrates gravity settling with spiral-induced stratification within a single-helix flow path. Through a tangential inlet, spiral-guided channel, stratified separation chamber, and adaptive liquid discharge system, the device establishes a stable three-dimensional vortex field that promotes orderly phase migration and interface control. By extending residence time while suppressing turbulence and re-entrainment, the GFSS achieves high separation accuracy within a compact volume without relying on intense swirl. To evaluate its feasibility and separation mechanisms, a transient three-phase CFD model based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed, incorporating surface tension, gravity, and the SST k–ω turbulence closure model. The numerical grid contained more than seven million elements with local refinement in the separation layer. A methane–octane–water mixture was selected as the working system with an inlet velocity of 0.1 m/s. Simulation results show that the GFSS forms a quasi-laminar spiral flow field with a confined vortex core and low-turbulence regions near the wall, which facilitate stable wall-film formation and gravity-driven liquid drainage. The water phase achieved nearly complete recovery with an outlet purity of 0.99, while methane and octane purities reached 0.98 and 0.92, respectively. Although octane separation was initially affected by recirculation, extended residence time and favorable wall interactions enabled effective recovery. The results indicate that vortex stability and wall wettability are key parameters governing GFSS performance. In addition to the single-stage configuration, a two-stage GFSS architecture is proposed. In this design, the first stage performs primary gas–liquid separation, while the second stage enables refined gas–gas or liquid–liquid separation, potentially enhanced by external electric or magnetic fields. This staged strategy provides high selectivity, reduced carryover, and strong industrial adaptability. Overall, the GFSS represents a passive, modular, low-pressure-drop, and scalable separation platform suitable for offshore modules, shale gas production, mobile processing units, and embedded multiphase reactors. The study provides theoretical validation, numerical evidence, and engineering design support, establishing a foundation for experimental prototyping and industrial deployment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33936