Disturbance of body representation is a central and enduring characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), remaining present after weight restoration and posing a risk for relapse. A narrative literature review informed by PRISMA guidelines was conducted, which synthesised the available empirical evidence on body representation in women with AN over 40 years (1980–2025). We reviewed 40 peer-reviewed studies that covered perceptual, cognitive-affective, multisensory, and body-schema levels. Results are relatively consistent in suggesting that impairments of AN are not primarily related to core deficits in perceptual abilities. Although patients frequently appear not to be seriously impaired in their ability to estimate their objective bodily size, they often manifest striking cognitive-emotional distortions, such as a relatively stable sense of body dissatisfaction and fear of weight gain alongside maladaptive beliefs about the shape of one’s own body. However, multisensory and embodiment paradigms also indicate changes in the weighting of visual, tactile and proprioceptive cues, as well as abnormal body-scaled action which reflect more subtle perturbation in body schema and ownership. Developmental trajectories point towards enhanced plasticity of body representation in adolescence, while chronic adult AN is characterised by inflexible and frequently delusional beliefs concerning the body. Altogether, these findings are in line with a model according to which body representation disturbance in AN is predominantly driven by cognitive-affective mechanisms, with secondarily involvement of multisensory and sensorimotor factors. These results emphasize the clinical significance of early, multimodal interventions to address both the emotional meaning and embodied experience of the body. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to elucidate developmental trajectories and tailor efficacious treatment approaches. Keywords: anorexia nervosa; body representation; body image disturbance; multisensory integration.
Il disturbo della rappresentazione corporea è una caratteristica centrale e persistente dell’anoressia nervosa (AN), che rimane presente anche dopo il recupero ponderale e costituisce un fattore di rischio per la ricaduta. È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura, informata dalle linee guida PRISMA, che ha sintetizzato le evidenze empiriche disponibili sulla rappresentazione corporea nelle donne con AN nell’arco di oltre 40 anni (1980–2025). Sono stati esaminati 40 studi peer-reviewed che hanno coperto i livelli percettivo, cognitivo-affettivo, multisensoriale e dello schema corporeo. I risultati sono relativamente coerenti nel suggerire che le compromissioni nell’AN non siano primariamente legate a deficit fondamentali nelle abilità percettive. Sebbene le pazienti spesso non risultino gravemente compromesse nella capacità di stimare le dimensioni corporee oggettive, manifestano frequentemente marcate distorsioni cognitivo-emotive, quali un senso relativamente stabile di insoddisfazione corporea e paura dell’aumento di peso, insieme a credenze disfunzionali riguardo alla forma del proprio corpo. Tuttavia, i paradigmi multisensoriali e di embodiment indicano anche alterazioni nella ponderazione degli indizi visivi, tattili e propriocettivi, nonché anomalie nelle azioni scalate sul corpo, che riflettono perturbazioni più sottili dello schema corporeo e del senso di proprietà del corpo. Le traiettorie evolutive indicano una maggiore plasticità della rappresentazione corporea durante l’adolescenza, mentre l’AN cronica in età adulta è caratterizzata da credenze rigide e spesso deliranti riguardanti il corpo. Nel complesso, questi risultati sono coerenti con un modello secondo cui il disturbo della rappresentazione corporea nell’AN è prevalentemente guidato da meccanismi cognitivo-affettivi, con un coinvolgimento secondario di fattori multisensoriali e sensomotori. Tali evidenze sottolineano l’importanza clinica di interventi precoci e multimodali volti ad affrontare sia il significato emotivo sia l’esperienza incarnata del corpo. Sono necessari futuri studi longitudinali e di intervento per chiarire le traiettorie evolutive e sviluppare approcci terapeutici efficaci e mirati. Parole chiave: anoressia nervosa; rappresentazione corporea; disturbo dell’immagine corporea; integrazione multisensoriale.
Rappresentazione Corporea nelle Donne con Anoressia Nervosa (Una Revisione Narrativa)
BEHRAD, BAHAR
2024/2025
Abstract
Disturbance of body representation is a central and enduring characteristic of anorexia nervosa (AN), remaining present after weight restoration and posing a risk for relapse. A narrative literature review informed by PRISMA guidelines was conducted, which synthesised the available empirical evidence on body representation in women with AN over 40 years (1980–2025). We reviewed 40 peer-reviewed studies that covered perceptual, cognitive-affective, multisensory, and body-schema levels. Results are relatively consistent in suggesting that impairments of AN are not primarily related to core deficits in perceptual abilities. Although patients frequently appear not to be seriously impaired in their ability to estimate their objective bodily size, they often manifest striking cognitive-emotional distortions, such as a relatively stable sense of body dissatisfaction and fear of weight gain alongside maladaptive beliefs about the shape of one’s own body. However, multisensory and embodiment paradigms also indicate changes in the weighting of visual, tactile and proprioceptive cues, as well as abnormal body-scaled action which reflect more subtle perturbation in body schema and ownership. Developmental trajectories point towards enhanced plasticity of body representation in adolescence, while chronic adult AN is characterised by inflexible and frequently delusional beliefs concerning the body. Altogether, these findings are in line with a model according to which body representation disturbance in AN is predominantly driven by cognitive-affective mechanisms, with secondarily involvement of multisensory and sensorimotor factors. These results emphasize the clinical significance of early, multimodal interventions to address both the emotional meaning and embodied experience of the body. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to elucidate developmental trajectories and tailor efficacious treatment approaches. Keywords: anorexia nervosa; body representation; body image disturbance; multisensory integration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34107