Advances in nanotechnology have promoted the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in industrial, biomedical and environmental applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are among the most studied and widely used metal oxide nanomaterials due to their unique functional properties, including their ability to absorb UV radiation and their photocatalytic activity. However, their release into the aquatic ecosystem can generate exposure conditions for aquatic organisms, making it necessary to assess the potential ecotoxicological risk. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects induced by nanocomposites consisting of hemp dust, a lignocellulosic biomaterial of plant origin, coated with nanometric ZnO films of 30 and 90 nm, deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), were evaluated. These materials, developed for wastewater treatment, were tested to assess whether ZnO, deposited as a nanometric coating, maintains sufficient bioaccessibility to cause adverse effects on the larval stages of Artemia salina. Nauplii at the II and III larval stages were exposed to three different concentrations (0.5, 0.05 and 0.005 mg/mL) of 30 and 90 nm canapulo-ZnO nanocomposites and canapulo alone, in order to discriminate the contribution of the lignocellulosic support. Acute toxicity was assessed by measuring mortality at 24 and 48 h and, in parallel, observation was carried out using optical microscopy in order to highlight any morphological alterations. To investigate sublethal effects, fluorescence analyses were performed using acridine orange (AO) staining and anti-metallothionein (MT) immunofluorescence to evaluate the activation of responses compatible with cellular damage and metal stress. The results obtained indicate that hemp pulp did not induce significant effects in terms of survival and morphological integrity. In contrast, in nauplii exposed to ZnO-based nanocomposites, a dose-dependent increase in mortality and sublethal effects compatible with cell damage and metal stress response were recorded, without any obvious morphological alterations.
I progressi nel campo delle nanotecnologie hanno favorito l’impiego dei nanomateriali ingegnerizzati (ENMs) in ambito industriale, biomedico e ambientale. Le nanoparticelle di ossido di zinco (ZnO-NPs) rientrano tra i nanomateriali di ossido metallico maggiormente studiati e impiegati per via delle peculiari proprietà funzionali, tra cui la capacità di assorbire radiazioni UV e l’attività fotocatalitica. Tuttavia, il loro rilascio nell’ecosistema acquatico può generare condizioni di esposizione per gli organismi acquatici, rendendo necessaria una valutazione del potenziale rischio ecotossicologico. Nel presente lavoro sono stati valutati gli effetti letali e subletali indotti da nanocompositi costituiti da polveri di canapulo, biomateriale lignocellulosico di origine vegetale, rivestite con film nanometrici di ZnO di 30 e 90 nm, depositati mediante Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Tali materiali, sviluppati per il trattamento delle acque reflue, sono stati testati per valutare se lo ZnO depositato come rivestimento nanometrico mantenga una bioaccessibilità sufficiente a determinare effetti avversi sugli stadi larvali di Artemia salina. I nauplii al II e III stadio larvale sono stati esposti a tre diverse concentrazioni (0,5, 0,05 e 0,005 mg/mL) dei nanocompositi canapulo-ZnO di 30 e 90 nm e del solo canapulo, al fine di discriminare il contributo del supporto lignocellulosico. La tossicità acuta è stata valutata misurando la mortalità a 24 e 48 h e, in parallelo, è stata condotta un’osservazione mediante microscopia ottica al fine di evidenziare eventuali alterazioni morfologiche. Per indagare gli effetti subletali sono state condotte analisi in fluorescenza mediante colorazione con arancio di acridina (AO) e immunofluorescenza anti-metallotioneine (MT), per valutare l’attivazione di risposte compatibili con danno cellulare e stress da metalli. I risultati ottenuti indicano che il canapulo non ha indotto effetti rilevanti in termini di sopravvivenza e integrità morfologica. Contrariamente, nei nauplii esposti ai nanocompositi a base di ZnO è stato registrato un incremento dose-dipendente della mortalità ed effetti subletali compatibili con danno cellulare e risposta a stress da metalli, non accompagnati da alterazioni morfologiche evidenti.
Nanomateriali ingegnerizzati a base di ossido di zinco: tossicità acuta ed effetti subletali sugli stadi larvali di Artemia salina
ARTINO, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have promoted the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in industrial, biomedical and environmental applications. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are among the most studied and widely used metal oxide nanomaterials due to their unique functional properties, including their ability to absorb UV radiation and their photocatalytic activity. However, their release into the aquatic ecosystem can generate exposure conditions for aquatic organisms, making it necessary to assess the potential ecotoxicological risk. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects induced by nanocomposites consisting of hemp dust, a lignocellulosic biomaterial of plant origin, coated with nanometric ZnO films of 30 and 90 nm, deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), were evaluated. These materials, developed for wastewater treatment, were tested to assess whether ZnO, deposited as a nanometric coating, maintains sufficient bioaccessibility to cause adverse effects on the larval stages of Artemia salina. Nauplii at the II and III larval stages were exposed to three different concentrations (0.5, 0.05 and 0.005 mg/mL) of 30 and 90 nm canapulo-ZnO nanocomposites and canapulo alone, in order to discriminate the contribution of the lignocellulosic support. Acute toxicity was assessed by measuring mortality at 24 and 48 h and, in parallel, observation was carried out using optical microscopy in order to highlight any morphological alterations. To investigate sublethal effects, fluorescence analyses were performed using acridine orange (AO) staining and anti-metallothionein (MT) immunofluorescence to evaluate the activation of responses compatible with cellular damage and metal stress. The results obtained indicate that hemp pulp did not induce significant effects in terms of survival and morphological integrity. In contrast, in nauplii exposed to ZnO-based nanocomposites, a dose-dependent increase in mortality and sublethal effects compatible with cell damage and metal stress response were recorded, without any obvious morphological alterations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi Elena Artino.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi sperimentale sugli effetti tossici indotti da nanomateriali ingegnerizzati a base di ossido di zinco sugli stadi larvali di Artemia salina.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34161