This thesis, which forms part of the “Habitat trees: home for biodiversity” project, aimed to study the communities of invertebrates associated with habitat trees in urban settings, specifically in Parco Nord Milano, whilst assessing the effects of various tree management techniques. The study was carried out in the park area of the municipality of Bruzzano, where four areas were identified consisting of trees of the same age, which had always been subject to the same traditional management practices, belonging to monospecific stands of Quercus rubra (n = 2) and Platanus occidentalis (n = 2). The work was carried out over two years. During the summer of 2024, sampling of the biodiversity present prior to the start of the differential management interventions was carried out. The surveys utilised various sampling techniques and covered the entire vertical development of the plant, including the underlying herbaceous layer and the soil. The contents of each trap were quantified and identified to order level in the laboratory. Differential management measures began in autumn 2024, with plans to carry out traditional tree management (intensive pruning, mowing of the herbaceous layer, removal of litter) and, in the remaining two areas, conservative management (pruning limited to cases of necessity and safety, retention of dead wood both in the canopy and on the ground, preservation of litter and the herbaceous layer). During the summer of 2025, the first sampling was carried out to measure the effects of the different management approaches, focusing on soil-dwelling invertebrate communities as the ecological layer most affected by the majority of interventions. The contents of the traps were processed and sorted as in the previous year. Furthermore, during the drafting of this report, it was possible to identify the beetles recorded in 2025 to family level. The data collected over the two years were analysed separately. For 2024, using dbRDA (distance-based Redundancy Analysis) models, comparisons were made between tree species communities in different parts of the plant, in various zones of the herbaceous layer, and those associated with different sampling methods. The data revealed that communities are composed differently across the various ecological layers and that different sampling methods capture different communities of organisms. As regards 2025, using Linear Mixed Effects Models (LME), the abundances and richness of the various orders of arthropods and families of beetles sampled in the two management types were compared, as well as, for the conservation plots only, between the woodpiles and the herbaceous layer. The results showed that tree species is a key factor in determining the response to different management techniques, which need to be tested in relation to the varying environmental conditions of the site in question.
Il lavoro di tesi, inserito all’interno del progetto “Habitat trees: home for biodiversity”, ha avuto come scopo lo studio delle comunità di invertebrati associati agli alberi habitat presenti in contesti urbani, nello specifico a Parco Nord Milano, valutando gli effetti di diverse tecniche di gestione arboricolturale. Lo studio è stato svolto nella zona del Parco del comune di Bruzzano, nella quale sono state individuate quattro aree costituite da alberi coetanei, soggetti da sempre alla stessa gestione tradizionale, appartenenti a popolamenti monospecifici di Quercus rubra (n = 2) e Platanus occidentalis (n = 2). Il lavoro svolto si è articolato in due anni. Durante l’estate 2024 è stato svolto il campionamento della biodiversità presente prima dell’inizio degli interventi gestionali differenziali. I rilievi si sono avvalsi di diverse tecniche di campionamento e hanno interessato tutto lo sviluppo verticale della pianta, comprendendo lo strato erbaceo sottostante e il suolo. Il contenuto di ogni trappola è stato quantificato e identificato a livello di ordine in laboratorio. Gli interventi di gestione differenziale sono iniziati in autunno 2024 prevedendo di effettuare in due aree, una di platano e un'altra di quercia rossa, una gestione arborea di tipo tradizionale (potature intensive, sfalci dello strato erbaceo, rimozione della lettiera) e nelle altre due aree rimanenti una gestione conservativa (potature limitate a casi di necessità e sicurezza, mantenimento del legno morto sia in quota sia a terra, preservazione della lettiera e dello strato erbaceo). Nel corso dell’estate 2025 sono stati effettuati i primi campionamenti per misurare gli effetti delle differenti gestioni, focalizzandosi sulle comunità di invertebrati legati al suolo in quanto strato ecologico interessato dalla maggior parte degli interventi. Il contenuto delle trappole è stato trattato e smistato come per l’anno precedente. Inoltre, durante la stesura dell’elaborato è stato possibile disporre dell’identificazione in famiglie dei coleotteri rilevati nel 2025. I dati raccolti nei due anni sono stati analizzati separatamente. Per il 2024, avvalendosi di modelli dbRDA (distance-based Redundancy Analysis), sono state confrontate le comunità sulle specie arboree, nelle diverse porzioni della pianta, in diverse zone dello strato erbaceo e quelle associate ai differenti metodi di campionamento. Dai dati è emerso che le comunità sono composte differentemente nei vari strati ecologici e che metodi di campionamento diversi intercettano comunità di organismi differenti. Per quanto riguarda il 2025, tramite modelli lineari misti (Linear Mixed Effects Models - LME), sono state confrontate le abbondanze e le ricchezze dei diversi ordini di artropodi e famiglie di coleotteri campionati nelle due tipologie gestionali oltre che, per i soli plot conservativi, tra cataste e strato erbaceo. Dai risultati è emerso che la specie arborea è un fattore discriminante nel regolare la risposta alle differenti tecniche gestionali, le quali necessitano di essere testate in relazione alle diverse condizioni ambientali del sito di interesse.
Studio delle comunità di invertebrati associati agli alberi urbani in siti a differente gestione arboricolturale
PALMIOTTO, ALICE
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis, which forms part of the “Habitat trees: home for biodiversity” project, aimed to study the communities of invertebrates associated with habitat trees in urban settings, specifically in Parco Nord Milano, whilst assessing the effects of various tree management techniques. The study was carried out in the park area of the municipality of Bruzzano, where four areas were identified consisting of trees of the same age, which had always been subject to the same traditional management practices, belonging to monospecific stands of Quercus rubra (n = 2) and Platanus occidentalis (n = 2). The work was carried out over two years. During the summer of 2024, sampling of the biodiversity present prior to the start of the differential management interventions was carried out. The surveys utilised various sampling techniques and covered the entire vertical development of the plant, including the underlying herbaceous layer and the soil. The contents of each trap were quantified and identified to order level in the laboratory. Differential management measures began in autumn 2024, with plans to carry out traditional tree management (intensive pruning, mowing of the herbaceous layer, removal of litter) and, in the remaining two areas, conservative management (pruning limited to cases of necessity and safety, retention of dead wood both in the canopy and on the ground, preservation of litter and the herbaceous layer). During the summer of 2025, the first sampling was carried out to measure the effects of the different management approaches, focusing on soil-dwelling invertebrate communities as the ecological layer most affected by the majority of interventions. The contents of the traps were processed and sorted as in the previous year. Furthermore, during the drafting of this report, it was possible to identify the beetles recorded in 2025 to family level. The data collected over the two years were analysed separately. For 2024, using dbRDA (distance-based Redundancy Analysis) models, comparisons were made between tree species communities in different parts of the plant, in various zones of the herbaceous layer, and those associated with different sampling methods. The data revealed that communities are composed differently across the various ecological layers and that different sampling methods capture different communities of organisms. As regards 2025, using Linear Mixed Effects Models (LME), the abundances and richness of the various orders of arthropods and families of beetles sampled in the two management types were compared, as well as, for the conservation plots only, between the woodpiles and the herbaceous layer. The results showed that tree species is a key factor in determining the response to different management techniques, which need to be tested in relation to the varying environmental conditions of the site in question.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34666