Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX or XELOX represents the standard treatment in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who have undergone surgical resection, providing improvements in both disease-free survival and overall survival. However, these therapeutic regimens are associated with numerous systemic side effects, including alterations affecting skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle, the main body’s protein reservoir, plays a central role in amino acid metabolism and in maintaining energy homeostasis; chemotherapy-induced dysfunction may lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, with a predominance of catabolic processes, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. All these factors may negatively impact the nutritional status and quality of life of oncology patients. In light of this evidence, the present experimental thesis aimed to evaluate whether the first three months of therapy with FOLFOX or XELOX in patients resected for CRC could induce significant changes in plasma amino acid levels, as an estimate of systemic amino acid metabolism, as well as in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. This pilot study was conducted on 14 patients previously who underwent surgical resection for CRC and were treated with FOLFOX (n = 9) or XELOX (n = 5). Patients underwent peripheral venous blood sampling before, during, and at the end of the three months of therapy for the determination of plasma amino acid and MDA levels. Fifteen healthy subjects (controls) underwent baseline measurement of plasma amino acid levels only. The results showed a reduction in essential amino acids during FOLFOX therapy, but not during XELOX treatment, and an increase in circulating MDA levels during both treatments, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress. Overall, the data obtained indicate that chemotherapy regimens may differently affect amino acid metabolism, with a potentially greater impact of FOLFOX on the muscle compartment, while oxidative stress appears to be already compromised in the post-surgical period. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring protein metabolism and oxidative status in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, in order to develop targeted nutritional and therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving muscle mass and function and improving overall clinical management.
La chemioterapia adiuvante con FOLFOX o XELOX rappresenta il trattamento standard nei pazienti con cancro colorettale (CRC) sottoposti a resezione chirurgica, garantendo un miglioramento della sopravvivenza libera da malattia e della sopravvivenza globale. Tuttavia, tali regimi terapeutici sono associati a numerosi effetti collaterali sistemici, tra cui alterazioni a carico del muscolo scheletrico. Il muscolo, principale riserva proteica dell’organismo, svolge un ruolo centrale nel metabolismo aminoacidico e nel mantenimento dell’equilibrio energetico; alterazioni della sua funzione, indotte dalla chemioterapia, possono determinare uno squilibrio tra sintesi e degradazione proteica, con prevalenza dei processi catabolici, insulino-resistenza, disfunzione mitocondriale e incremento dello stress ossidativo. Tutto ciò può comportare ripercussioni sullo stato nutrizionale e sulla qualità di vita del paziente oncologico. Alla luce di tali evidenze, il presente lavoro di tesi sperimentale ha avuto l’obiettivo di valutare se i primi tre mesi di terapia con FOLFOX o XELOX in pazienti resecati per CRC potessero indurre variazioni significative nei livelli plasmatici degli aminoacidi, come stima del metabolismo aminoacidico sistemico, nonché dei livelli plasmatici di malondialdeide (MDA), marker di perossidazione lipidica e stress ossidativo. Lo studio pilota è stato condotto su 14 pazienti precedentemente sottoposti a resezione chirurgica per CRC, trattati con FOLFOX (n=9) o XELOX (n=5). I pazienti sono stati sopposti a prelievo venoso periferico prima, durante e al termine dei tre mesi di terapia per la determinazione dei livelli plasmatici di aminoacidi e di MDA. Quindici soggetti sani (controlli) sono stati sottoposti alla sola misurazione dei livelli plasmatici di aminoacidi al basale. I risultati hanno mostrato una riduzione degli aminoacidi essenziali durante la terapia FOLFOX, ma non durante il trattamento con XELOX, e un aumento di MDA circolante nel corso dei trattamenti, suggerendo la presenza di una condizione di stress ossidativo. Nel complesso, i dati ottenuti indicano che i regimi chemioterapici possono influenzare in modo differente il metabolismo aminoacidico, con un potenziale impatto più marcato di FOLFOX sul compartimento muscolare, mentre lo stato di stress ossidativo appare già compromesso nel periodo post-chirurgico. Questi risultati sottolineano l’importanza di monitorare il metabolismo proteico e lo stato ossidativo nei pazienti oncologici durante la chemioterapia, al fine di sviluppare strategie nutrizionali e terapeutiche mirate a preservare la massa e la funzione muscolare e migliorare la gestione clinica complessiva.
Effetti della terapia con FOLFOX o XELOX sugli aminoacidi plasmatici e su un marcatore di ossidazione lipidica in pazienti con cancro del colon-retto: studio pilota
PENSATO, IRIDE VITTORIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOX or XELOX represents the standard treatment in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who have undergone surgical resection, providing improvements in both disease-free survival and overall survival. However, these therapeutic regimens are associated with numerous systemic side effects, including alterations affecting skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle, the main body’s protein reservoir, plays a central role in amino acid metabolism and in maintaining energy homeostasis; chemotherapy-induced dysfunction may lead to an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation, with a predominance of catabolic processes, insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress. All these factors may negatively impact the nutritional status and quality of life of oncology patients. In light of this evidence, the present experimental thesis aimed to evaluate whether the first three months of therapy with FOLFOX or XELOX in patients resected for CRC could induce significant changes in plasma amino acid levels, as an estimate of systemic amino acid metabolism, as well as in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. This pilot study was conducted on 14 patients previously who underwent surgical resection for CRC and were treated with FOLFOX (n = 9) or XELOX (n = 5). Patients underwent peripheral venous blood sampling before, during, and at the end of the three months of therapy for the determination of plasma amino acid and MDA levels. Fifteen healthy subjects (controls) underwent baseline measurement of plasma amino acid levels only. The results showed a reduction in essential amino acids during FOLFOX therapy, but not during XELOX treatment, and an increase in circulating MDA levels during both treatments, suggesting the presence of oxidative stress. Overall, the data obtained indicate that chemotherapy regimens may differently affect amino acid metabolism, with a potentially greater impact of FOLFOX on the muscle compartment, while oxidative stress appears to be already compromised in the post-surgical period. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring protein metabolism and oxidative status in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, in order to develop targeted nutritional and therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving muscle mass and function and improving overall clinical management.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34752