Introduction and Aims: Epithelioid diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (e-DMPeM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the abdominal mesothelium with highly heterogeneous characteristics. Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is the standard of care, but the biological determinants of recurrence after this treatment are unknown. This study aimed to define bulk and spatial transcriptomic signatures discriminating early recurrence (ER) versus long responders (LR) patients (pts) and to assess how tumor and microenvironment organization influence relapse. Materials and Methods: 36 e-DMPeM pts treated with CRS-HIPEC were classified as ER (progression ≤12 months) or LR (progression-free ≥36 months). Bulk RNA-seq profiles, generated on the Illumina platform, were analyzed by DEA, GSEA, IPA, immune deconvolution, and CAF-signature enrichment. GAS1, the top differentially expressed gene, was validated by IHC, and patients were further stratified into GAS1-high/low within ER and LR. In 22 patients, spatial transcriptomics (DSP GeoMx) was used to assess tissue heterogeneity across four compartments: tumor core, macrophage niches, fibroblasts, and lymphoid structures, enabling tissue-wide and cell-specific signature analysis. Results and Conclusion: Bulk RNA-seq revealed a sharp molecular split between ER and LR. ER tumors showed proliferative, metabolic, and ECM-remodeling programs in an immunosuppressed, fibroblast-activated microenvironment, whereas LR tumors displayed a quiescent profile with diminished oncogenic signaling and enriched immune pathways. High GAS1 expression marked a less aggressive state, with reduced proliferation, metabolic inhibition, and attenuated angiogenic signaling. Spatial transcriptomics uncovered compartment-specific organization: ER tumors exhibited coordinated pro-tumorigenic signatures in CK⁺ cells and CD68⁺ macrophages, while LR retained functionally active lymphoid niches enriched for antigen presentation and metabolically competent lymphocytes. This first spatial transcriptomic study in e-DMPeM delineates how tumor, immune, and stromal niches jointly shape prognosis and paves the way for future investigations into niche-specific crosstalk.
Introduzione e Obiettivi: Il mesotelioma peritoneale diffuso maligno di tipo epitelioide è una neoplasia rara e aggressiva del rivestimento mesoteliale addominale, con caratteristiche per diversi aspetti, eterogenee. La combinazione CRS-HIPEC è lo standard terapeutico, ma i determinanti biologici che distinguono le recidive precoci dalle risposte prolungate non sono definiti. Questo studio mira a identificare firme trascrittomiche associate alla recidiva precoce (ER) o tardiva (LR) dopo CRS‑HIPEC, e a comprendere come l’organizzazione del tumore e del microambiente contribuisca a questa diversità. Materiali e Metodi: 36 pazienti con e-DMPeM trattati con CRS-HIPEC sono stati suddivisi in ER (progressione ≤12 mesi) e LR (sopravvivenza libera da progressione ≥36 mesi). Il profilo trascrizionale bulk ottenuto tramite RNA-seq con Illumina, è stato valutato con le seguenti analisi: DEA, GSEA, IPA, deconvoluzione immunitaria e analisi di firme CAF. GAS1, è risultato come principale gene differenzialmente espresso. È stato validato tramite immunoistochimica e ha permesso un’ulteriore stratificazione in GAS1-high/low all’interno dei gruppi ER e LR. In un sottogruppo di 22 pazienti, la trascrittomica spaziale (DSP GeoMx) è stata utilizzata per valutare l’eterogeneità tissutale in quattro compartimenti (tumore, nicchie macrofagiche, fibroblasti, e strutture linfoidi), consentendo un’analisi specifica per tipo cellulare. Risultati e Conclusioni: L’RNA-seq bulk ha evidenziato una netta differenza molecolare tra ER e LR: i tumori ER mostrano vie proliferative, metaboliche e di rimodellamento della matrice extracellulare in un microambiente immunosoppresso e ricco di fibroblasti attivati, mentre i tumori LR presentano un profilo quiescente, con soppressione dei segnali oncogenici. GAS1 emerge come determinante di uno stato tumorale meno aggressivo, associato a minore proliferazione, inibizione metabolica e ridotta segnalazione angiogenica. Dall’analisi di trascrittomica spaziale i pazienti ER mostrano firme pro-tumorigeniche coordinate tra cellule CK⁺ e macrofagi CD68⁺, mentre i LR conservano nicchie linfoidi funzionalmente attive, arricchite per presentazione dell’antigene e linfociti metabolicamente competenti. Questo lavoro ha permesso una prima applicazione della trascrittomica spaziale al e-DMPeM. I nostri dati forniscono una base per future indagini sul crosstalk tra cellule tumorali e TME, facilitando la comprensione della complessa eterogeneità biologica della malattia.
Analisi Trascrittomica Bulk e Spaziale del Mesotelioma Peritoneale Epitelioide in Pazienti con Recidiva Precoce o Tardiva dopo CRS-HIPEC
BROGNARA, GIORGIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Epithelioid diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (e-DMPeM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the abdominal mesothelium with highly heterogeneous characteristics. Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is the standard of care, but the biological determinants of recurrence after this treatment are unknown. This study aimed to define bulk and spatial transcriptomic signatures discriminating early recurrence (ER) versus long responders (LR) patients (pts) and to assess how tumor and microenvironment organization influence relapse. Materials and Methods: 36 e-DMPeM pts treated with CRS-HIPEC were classified as ER (progression ≤12 months) or LR (progression-free ≥36 months). Bulk RNA-seq profiles, generated on the Illumina platform, were analyzed by DEA, GSEA, IPA, immune deconvolution, and CAF-signature enrichment. GAS1, the top differentially expressed gene, was validated by IHC, and patients were further stratified into GAS1-high/low within ER and LR. In 22 patients, spatial transcriptomics (DSP GeoMx) was used to assess tissue heterogeneity across four compartments: tumor core, macrophage niches, fibroblasts, and lymphoid structures, enabling tissue-wide and cell-specific signature analysis. Results and Conclusion: Bulk RNA-seq revealed a sharp molecular split between ER and LR. ER tumors showed proliferative, metabolic, and ECM-remodeling programs in an immunosuppressed, fibroblast-activated microenvironment, whereas LR tumors displayed a quiescent profile with diminished oncogenic signaling and enriched immune pathways. High GAS1 expression marked a less aggressive state, with reduced proliferation, metabolic inhibition, and attenuated angiogenic signaling. Spatial transcriptomics uncovered compartment-specific organization: ER tumors exhibited coordinated pro-tumorigenic signatures in CK⁺ cells and CD68⁺ macrophages, while LR retained functionally active lymphoid niches enriched for antigen presentation and metabolically competent lymphocytes. This first spatial transcriptomic study in e-DMPeM delineates how tumor, immune, and stromal niches jointly shape prognosis and paves the way for future investigations into niche-specific crosstalk.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/34774