Macroscopic silica monoliths with embedded silver nanoparticles for safe point-of-use water disinfection avoiding nanopollution

This thesis investigates the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial performance of silica monoliths containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for potential water treatment applications. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and incorporated into silica matrices through a sol-gel process, leading to the formation of porous monolithic materials with embedded antibacterial agents. The obtained materials were characterized to evaluate their structural properties and the distribution of silver nanoparticles within the silica network. Particular attention was devoted to the release of silver ions (Ag⁺), which play a key role in the antibacterial activity of the material. Silver ion release was monitored through ion-selective electrode (ISE) measurements and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The antibacterial effectiveness of the monoliths was assessed by exposing them to bacterial suspensions and evaluating their ability to inhibit microbial growth. In addition, repeated-use experiments were performed to investigate the durability of the antibacterial effect and the evolution of silver release over multiple cycles. The results demonstrate the potential of silver nanoparticle-loaded silica monoliths as functional materials for water disinfection applications. The study provides insights into the relationship between silver release behavior, material stability, and antibacterial performance, contributing to the development of innovative materials for environmental and water treatment technologies.