Population aging has increased the number of people requiring care in later life, both formal and informal. Informal care provided to care recipients by caregivers represents a social phenomenon with important psychological implications for both caregivers and care recipients and may have an impact on well-being and on the quality of the relationship within the dyad. A fundamental ability in interpersonal relationships is Theory of Mind (ToM), defined as the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and, on the basis of these, to understand and predict behavior. Indeed, the literature shows that Theory of Mind influences the quality of romantic, friendship, and parent-child caregiving relationships. However, to date, the role of ToM in the caregiving context has been scarcely investigated. The present study therefore aimed to investigate how Theory of Mind and its components in caregivers could influence the quality of the caregiving relationship. Thus, two groups were considered, consisting of caregivers of individuals without neurodegenerative diseases and caregivers of people with dementia. Caregivers’ mentalizing abilities were assessed through different instruments, whereas relationship quality and interaction quality were evaluated through self-report measures completed by both caregivers and care recipients and through observational measures. The hypothesis was that better ToM abilities would correspond to better relationship quality. The results supported the hypothesis that caregivers’ mentalizing abilities are associated with the quality of dyadic interactions. In particular, better ToM abilities were associated with greater sensitivity and permissiveness and with lower levels of detachment and severity. Moreover, mentalization errors were also found to be associated with the dyadic relationship in terms of greater detachment and severity. These findings show that caregivers’ socio-cognitive abilities are linked to better relationship quality and represent only a starting point for investigating the role of this ability in the context of caregiving in later life.
L’invecchiamento demografico ha aumentato il numero di persone richiedenti assistenza in età avanzata, sia di tipo formale sia informale. Le cure informali offerte all’assistito dal caregiver rappresentano un fenomeno sociale con importanti implicazioni psicologiche sul caregiver e sull’assistito e possono avere un impatto sul benessere relazionale all’interno della diade. Un’abilità fondamentale nelle relazioni interpersonali è la Teoria della Mente (ToM), la capacità di attribuire stati mentali a se stessi e agli altri e sulla base di questi comprendere e predire il comportamento. Infatti, la letteratura evidenzia come la Teoria della Mente influenzi la qualità di relazioni romantiche, amicali e di cura tra genitore figlio. Tuttavia, ad oggi il ruolo della ToM nell’ambito del caregiving è ancora poco indagato. Il presente studio si è perciò proposto di indagare come la Teoria della Mente e le sue componenti nel caregiver potessero influenzare la qualità della relazione di cura. Dunque, sono stati presi in considerazione due gruppi composti da caregiver di persone senza patologie neurodegenerative e caregiver di persone affette da demenza. Sono poi state testate le abilità di mentalizzazione del caregiver tramite diversi strumenti, mentre la qualità relazionale e di interazione è stata valutata tramite misure self report, sia del caregiver che dell’assistito, e misure di tipo osservazionale. L’ipotesi è che a una migliore capacità di ToM corrisponda una migliore qualità relazionale. I risultati ottenuti supportano l’ipotesi che le abilità di mentalizzazione del caregiver siano associate alla qualità dell’interazione diadica. In particolare, migliori abilità di ToM sono associate a maggiori sensibilità e permissività e minori distacco e severità. Inoltre, è emerso anche che gli errori di mentalizzazione sono associati alla relazione diadica in termini di maggiori distacco e severità. Questi risultati mostrano come le abilità socio-cogntiive del caregiver siano legate a una migliore qualità relazionale e rappresentino solo il punto di partenza per l’indagine del ruolo di questa abilità nel contesto del caregiving in età avanzata.
La Teoria della Mente nelle Relazioni di Cura: Implicazioni per la Qualità Relazionale di Caregiver e Assistito
NUGHES, ALESSIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Population aging has increased the number of people requiring care in later life, both formal and informal. Informal care provided to care recipients by caregivers represents a social phenomenon with important psychological implications for both caregivers and care recipients and may have an impact on well-being and on the quality of the relationship within the dyad. A fundamental ability in interpersonal relationships is Theory of Mind (ToM), defined as the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others and, on the basis of these, to understand and predict behavior. Indeed, the literature shows that Theory of Mind influences the quality of romantic, friendship, and parent-child caregiving relationships. However, to date, the role of ToM in the caregiving context has been scarcely investigated. The present study therefore aimed to investigate how Theory of Mind and its components in caregivers could influence the quality of the caregiving relationship. Thus, two groups were considered, consisting of caregivers of individuals without neurodegenerative diseases and caregivers of people with dementia. Caregivers’ mentalizing abilities were assessed through different instruments, whereas relationship quality and interaction quality were evaluated through self-report measures completed by both caregivers and care recipients and through observational measures. The hypothesis was that better ToM abilities would correspond to better relationship quality. The results supported the hypothesis that caregivers’ mentalizing abilities are associated with the quality of dyadic interactions. In particular, better ToM abilities were associated with greater sensitivity and permissiveness and with lower levels of detachment and severity. Moreover, mentalization errors were also found to be associated with the dyadic relationship in terms of greater detachment and severity. These findings show that caregivers’ socio-cognitive abilities are linked to better relationship quality and represent only a starting point for investigating the role of this ability in the context of caregiving in later life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi ToM e Cura Alessia Nughes.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/36065