Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, represent one of the major challenges of modern medicine due to their increasing prevalence and the limited availability of therapies capable of halting disease progression. In this context, scientific research has focused considerable attention on natural compounds with potential neuroprotective properties, among which curcumin, the main bioactive polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has emerged as a promising candidate. This thesis analyses the main mechanisms by which curcumin may exert beneficial effects within the central nervous system, particularly its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, its ability to modulate pathological protein aggregation, its protective role on neuronal function, and its potential influence on the gut–brain axis. Preclinical evidence suggests that curcumin may act on multiple pathways involved in neurodegeneration, making it a promising multitarget molecule. Nevertheless, its clinical application remains limited by its poor bioavailability, highlighting the need for novel delivery systems and further clinical studies to confirm its therapeutic effectiveness in humans.
Le malattie neurodegenerative, tra cui la malattia di Alzheimer e la malattia di Parkinson, rappresentano una delle principali sfide della medicina moderna a causa della loro elevata diffusione e della limitata disponibilità di terapie in grado di arrestarne la progressione. In questo contesto, la ricerca scientifica ha rivolto crescente attenzione ai composti naturali con potenziale attività neuroprotettiva, tra cui la curcumina, principale polifenolo bioattivo presente nel rizoma della Curcuma longa. L’elaborato analizza i principali meccanismi attraverso cui la curcumina può esercitare effetti benefici a livello del sistema nervoso centrale, con particolare riferimento alla sua attività antiossidante e antinfiammatoria, alla modulazione dell’aggregazione di proteine patologiche, alla protezione della funzione neuronale e alla sua possibile influenza sull’asse microbiota-intestino-cervello. Le evidenze precliniche disponibili suggeriscono che la curcumina possa intervenire su molteplici processi coinvolti nella neurodegenerazione, configurandosi come una promettente molecola multitarget. Tuttavia, la sua applicazione clinica è ancora limitata dalla ridotta biodisponibilità, rendendo necessario lo sviluppo di nuove formulazioni e ulteriori studi clinici per confermarne l’efficacia terapeutica nell’uomo.
I due volti della curcumina: effetti salutistici e limiti
CUSANO, GIACOMO
2025/2026
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, represent one of the major challenges of modern medicine due to their increasing prevalence and the limited availability of therapies capable of halting disease progression. In this context, scientific research has focused considerable attention on natural compounds with potential neuroprotective properties, among which curcumin, the main bioactive polyphenol found in the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has emerged as a promising candidate. This thesis analyses the main mechanisms by which curcumin may exert beneficial effects within the central nervous system, particularly its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, its ability to modulate pathological protein aggregation, its protective role on neuronal function, and its potential influence on the gut–brain axis. Preclinical evidence suggests that curcumin may act on multiple pathways involved in neurodegeneration, making it a promising multitarget molecule. Nevertheless, its clinical application remains limited by its poor bioavailability, highlighting the need for novel delivery systems and further clinical studies to confirm its therapeutic effectiveness in humans.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/36210