Veterinarian–Client Communication as a Driver of Burnout: A Scoping Review of Relational Risk and Protective Resources

Veterinary practice involves frequent interactions with pet owners that may be conflictual, emotionally charged, and ethically complex. These relational demands may contribute to burnout and related distress, but the evidence remains scattered across outcomes and study designs. This scoping review mapped the literature on how veterinarian–client communi- cation and relational experiences are associated with burnout among veterinarians. Five databases were searched, and 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most were quantitative, with qualitative and mixed-methods studies also identified. Overall, the findings showed that repeated relational friction with clients, emotionally demanding end-of-life conver- sations, financial conflicts, and blurred boundaries around availability can contribute to burnout risk. The review also identified mechanisms linking these experiences to distress, particularly emotional reactivity and the effort required to regulate emotions during dif- ficult interactions. Protective factors included supportive teams, autonomy, structured communication training, and interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Training. These findings suggest that burnout in veterinary practice is shaped not only by workload, but also by the relational demands of client-facing care. Prevention efforts should therefore combine individual support with team-based and organizational strategies that strengthen communication practices and reduce avoidable interpersonal strain.