The construction sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation, in which Building Information Modeling (BIM) is no longer a mere three-dimensional drawing tool, but a working methodology that places information at its core, understood as structured data that can be managed throughout the entire life cycle of the asset. In the Italian context, the reform of the Public Contracts Code (Legislative Decree 36/2023) has progressively made the use of BIM mandatory for public works, requiring the designer to produce interoperable digital models that comply with the information requirements of contracting authorities and are expressed in open formats independent of any proprietary technology. Within this framework lies the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard, conceived to ensure interoperability among the sector's software platforms; its correct generation, however, proves particularly complex when the object of modeling is not a newly constructed building, but an existing historical artifact, with all the uncontrollable morphological features and stratifications that this entails. This thesis defines and tests an operational workflow that enables the designer to produce a compliant and verifiable IFC model, concentrating the entire process, from the digitization of the as-is state to final validation, within a limited number of software environments, so as to reduce the fragmentation and the consequent risk of data loss that characterize current professional practice. The methodology, structured into six sequential phases, integrates strategies for the classification and alphanumeric coding of elements, the mapping of information parameters, and process automation through visual programming. Particular attention is devoted to the integration of the economic dimension (5D), addressed through the development of a dedicated add-in for the authoring environment and the automation of the bill of quantities, as well as to the definition of entity translation rules during export. The method is applied to the case study of the Taramelli Secondary School in Pavia, a complex of monastic origin stratified over more than six centuries of history, taken as an emblematic testing ground precisely because of its complexity. The as-is state was acquired through an integrated survey campaign combining laser scanning and aerial photogrammetric techniques; the resulting 3D databases formed the basis for the native BIM modeling and the subsequent informational enrichment of the model. The results confirm the concrete feasibility of addressing, in a structured and repeatable manner, a process that is today fragmented and lacking consolidated procedures: the validation of the IFC file attested to the compliance of the produced model with the expected requirements, successfully closing the workflow cycle. The methodology also shows a good degree of scalability and replicability, as it can be adapted to professional and administrative contexts different from that of the case study. Some limitations intrinsic to the current state of the IFC standard nonetheless remain, particularly in the handling of irregular geometries and in the absence of classes dedicated to restoration elements, which at the same time outline the directions for future development of the research. Keywords: BIM, OpenBIM, IFC, public procurement, HBIM, interoperability, historical heritage, laser scanning, 5D.
Il settore delle costruzioni sta attraversando una profonda trasformazione digitale, nella quale il Building Information Modeling (BIM) non rappresenta più un semplice strumento di disegno tridimensionale, bensì una metodologia di lavoro che pone al centro l'informazione, intesa come dato strutturato e gestibile lungo l'intero ciclo di vita dell'opera. Nel contesto italiano, la riforma del Codice dei Contratti (D.Lgs. 36/2023) ha reso progressivamente obbligatorio l'impiego del BIM nelle opere pubbliche, imponendo al progettista di produrre modelli digitali interoperabili, conformi ai requisiti informativi delle stazioni appaltanti ed espressi in formati aperti e indipendenti dalle tecnologie proprietarie. In questa cornice si colloca lo standard IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), concepito per garantire l'interoperabilità tra le piattaforme software del settore, ma la cui corretta generazione risulta particolarmente complessa quando l'oggetto della modellazione non è un edificio di nuova costruzione, bensì un manufatto storico esistente, con tutte le caratteristiche morfologiche non controllabili e le stratificazioni che ne derivano. La presente tesi definisce e sperimenta un workflow operativo che consente al progettista di produrre un modello IFC conforme e validabile, concentrando l'intero processo, dalla digitalizzazione dello stato di fatto alla validazione finale, in un numero ridotto di ambienti software, così da ridurre la frammentazione e il conseguente rischio di perdita di dati che caratterizzano l'attuale prassi professionale. La metodologia, articolata in sei fasi sequenziali, integra strategie di classificazione e codifica alfanumerica degli elementi, mappatura dei parametri informativi e automazione dei processi mediante programmazione visuale. Particolare attenzione è dedicata all'integrazione della dimensione economica (5D), affrontata attraverso lo sviluppo di un add-in dedicato per l'ambiente di authoring e l'automazione del computo metrico, e alla definizione delle regole di traduzione delle entità in fase di esportazione. Il metodo è applicato al caso studio dell'Istituto Superiore Taramelli di Pavia, complesso di origine conventuale stratificatosi nel corso di oltre sei secoli di storia, assunto come banco di prova emblematico proprio per la sua complessità. Lo stato di fatto è stato acquisito mediante una campagna di rilievo integrato con laser scanner e tecniche fotogrammetriche aeree; i database 3D hanno costituito la base per la modellazione BIM nativa e per il successivo arricchimento informativo del modello. I risultati confermano la concreta possibilità di affrontare in modo strutturato e ripetibile un processo oggi frammentato e privo di procedure consolidate: la validazione del file IFC ha attestato la conformità del modello prodotto rispetto ai requisiti attesi, chiudendo positivamente il ciclo del workflow. La metodologia presenta inoltre un buon grado di scalabilità e replicabilità, potendo essere adattata a contesti professionali e amministrativi differenti da quello del caso studio. Permangono tuttavia alcuni limiti intrinseci allo stato attuale dello standard IFC, in particolare nella gestione delle geometrie irregolari e nell'assenza di classi dedicate agli elementi del restauro, che delineano al contempo le direzioni di sviluppo futuro della ricerca. Parole chiave: BIM, OpenBIM, IFC, appalti pubblici, HBIM, interoperabilità, patrimonio storico, rilievo laser scanner, 5D.
Sperimentazione di un modello IFC negli appalti pubblici: dalla modellazione HBIM all'integrazione 5D per il Liceo Taramelli di Pavia
BASALY, MARC AKHNOKH HELMY
2025/2026
Abstract
The construction sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation, in which Building Information Modeling (BIM) is no longer a mere three-dimensional drawing tool, but a working methodology that places information at its core, understood as structured data that can be managed throughout the entire life cycle of the asset. In the Italian context, the reform of the Public Contracts Code (Legislative Decree 36/2023) has progressively made the use of BIM mandatory for public works, requiring the designer to produce interoperable digital models that comply with the information requirements of contracting authorities and are expressed in open formats independent of any proprietary technology. Within this framework lies the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard, conceived to ensure interoperability among the sector's software platforms; its correct generation, however, proves particularly complex when the object of modeling is not a newly constructed building, but an existing historical artifact, with all the uncontrollable morphological features and stratifications that this entails. This thesis defines and tests an operational workflow that enables the designer to produce a compliant and verifiable IFC model, concentrating the entire process, from the digitization of the as-is state to final validation, within a limited number of software environments, so as to reduce the fragmentation and the consequent risk of data loss that characterize current professional practice. The methodology, structured into six sequential phases, integrates strategies for the classification and alphanumeric coding of elements, the mapping of information parameters, and process automation through visual programming. Particular attention is devoted to the integration of the economic dimension (5D), addressed through the development of a dedicated add-in for the authoring environment and the automation of the bill of quantities, as well as to the definition of entity translation rules during export. The method is applied to the case study of the Taramelli Secondary School in Pavia, a complex of monastic origin stratified over more than six centuries of history, taken as an emblematic testing ground precisely because of its complexity. The as-is state was acquired through an integrated survey campaign combining laser scanning and aerial photogrammetric techniques; the resulting 3D databases formed the basis for the native BIM modeling and the subsequent informational enrichment of the model. The results confirm the concrete feasibility of addressing, in a structured and repeatable manner, a process that is today fragmented and lacking consolidated procedures: the validation of the IFC file attested to the compliance of the produced model with the expected requirements, successfully closing the workflow cycle. The methodology also shows a good degree of scalability and replicability, as it can be adapted to professional and administrative contexts different from that of the case study. Some limitations intrinsic to the current state of the IFC standard nonetheless remain, particularly in the handling of irregular geometries and in the absence of classes dedicated to restoration elements, which at the same time outline the directions for future development of the research. Keywords: BIM, OpenBIM, IFC, public procurement, HBIM, interoperability, historical heritage, laser scanning, 5D.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi_Marc_Basaly.pdf
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Descrizione: Sperimentazione del formato IFC negli appalti pubblici secondo il D.Lgs. 36/2023, con il Liceo Taramelli di Pavia come caso studio: dal rilievo laser scanner alla modellazione HBIM, fino all'integrazione del prezzario nel modello e al computo estimativo.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/36601