The present thesis examines Sustainable Performance Management Systems (SPMS) as instruments for integrating sustainability into corporate performance. The analysis focuses on how such systems may be structured to ensure corporate compliance with the European sustainability legislation. Within this framework, the integrated architecture of SPMS is studied around four digital technologies: the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics, focusing on their enabling potential, the conditions governing their deployment, and their respective limitations. The analysis is then situated within the European regulatory framework established by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the resulting European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), the EU Taxonomy Regulation, and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). These regulatory instruments entail obligations concerning the production of sustainability documentary evidence, data traceability and verifiability, and the adequacy of due diligence processes. The thesis therefore proposes an SPMS architecture structured around two functionally distinct layers: the first combines IoT and Blockchain for regulatory compliance, whereas the second employs Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analysis for internal governance. Organised within a hierarchical architecture, the functional separation between these two layers constitutes a central element of the system’s resilience. The proposed architecture is eventually proven by a comparative legal analysis of the case studies of Volkswagen AG, Renault SA and FCA, from which the absence of an independent and verifiable sustainability information infrastructure emerges as a structural vulnerability. The thesis therefore concludes that, if adequately integrated and designed, SPMS may become key infrastructures for risk management and legal compliance in ESG domain.
La presente tesi analizza i Sistemi di Gestione delle Prestazioni Sostenibili (SPMS) quali strumenti per integrare la sostenibilità nella performance aziendale. L’analisi si concentra su come tali sistemi possano essere strutturati al fine di garantire alle imprese la conformità alla normativa europea in materia di sostenibilità. In quest’ottica, quattro tecnologie digitali costituiscono l’architettura integrata degli SPMS: l’Internet delle Cose (IoT), la Blockchain, l’Intelligenza Artificiale (AI) e l’analisi dei Big Data. Per ciascuna di queste tecnologie vengono esaminati potenzialità, condizioni di impiego e limiti. L’analisi viene quindi collocata nel quadro normativo europeo delineato dalla Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) e dai conseguenti European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), dal Regolamento UE sulla Tassonomia e dalla Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Da tali strumenti normativi derivano obblighi stringenti sulla produzione di evidenze documentali, sulla tracciabilità e sulla verificabilità dei dati e sull'adeguatezza dei processi di assurance e due diligence. La tesi propone quindi un’architettura SPMS su due livelli funzionalmente distinti. Il primo, dedicato alla conformità normativa, combina IoT e Blockchain. Il secondo, orientato alla governance interna, ricorre all’Intelligenza Artificiale e alle tecniche di analisi dei Big Data per elaborare e interpretare le informazioni disponibili. La separazione funzionale tra i due livelli, organizzati all’interno di un’architettura gerarchica, costituisce un elemento centrale di resilienza del sistema. La validità della struttura proposta viene infine comprovata da un’analisi giuridica comparata dei casi di Volkswagen AG, Renault SA e FCA, da cui emerge una criticità comune: l’assenza di un’infrastruttura informativa indipendente e verificabile. Pertanto, la tesi conclude che, se ben progettati e adeguatamente integrati, gli SPMS possono diventare infrastrutture chiave per la gestione del rischio e per l’adempimento degli obblighi giuridici in materia ESG.
Progettare per la conformità: un modello SPMS a doppio livello per la gestione aziendale dei fattori ESG e per la responsabilità giuridica all'interno dell'Unione europea
BRUSCIA, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
The present thesis examines Sustainable Performance Management Systems (SPMS) as instruments for integrating sustainability into corporate performance. The analysis focuses on how such systems may be structured to ensure corporate compliance with the European sustainability legislation. Within this framework, the integrated architecture of SPMS is studied around four digital technologies: the Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics, focusing on their enabling potential, the conditions governing their deployment, and their respective limitations. The analysis is then situated within the European regulatory framework established by the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the resulting European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), the EU Taxonomy Regulation, and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). These regulatory instruments entail obligations concerning the production of sustainability documentary evidence, data traceability and verifiability, and the adequacy of due diligence processes. The thesis therefore proposes an SPMS architecture structured around two functionally distinct layers: the first combines IoT and Blockchain for regulatory compliance, whereas the second employs Artificial Intelligence and Big Data analysis for internal governance. Organised within a hierarchical architecture, the functional separation between these two layers constitutes a central element of the system’s resilience. The proposed architecture is eventually proven by a comparative legal analysis of the case studies of Volkswagen AG, Renault SA and FCA, from which the absence of an independent and verifiable sustainability information infrastructure emerges as a structural vulnerability. The thesis therefore concludes that, if adequately integrated and designed, SPMS may become key infrastructures for risk management and legal compliance in ESG domain.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/36830