The teaching of Natural Sciences is, now more than ever, undergoing a period of dynamic transformation. This calls for the use of cutting-edge teaching methods, with a need to tailor teaching to the needs of today’s society in order to ensure lasting learning. This paper analyses the teaching placement undertaken at the ‘Niccolò Copernico’ State Scientific High School in Pavia, where, under the supervision of Professor M. Franceschi, I was able to put myself to the test in the role of a Natural Sciences teacher. I was able to apply teaching strategies such as the introduction of LLM models – in particular chatbots – alongside traditional teaching methods involving slides and lectures. The paper begins with a general overview of Artificial Intelligence and the key concepts set out in the National Guidelines for Sixth-Form Courses (the reference document for sixth-form teachers). It then outlines the operational framework of the Learning Unit, describing the school context, the classes involved and the methodologies adopted. The core of the thesis concerns the use of Artificial Intelligence, as agreed with my university tutor, Professor Mauro Franceschi, a lecturer in Science Education. The lessons were delivered by myself independently in two Year 1 classes (1E – 1D). An experience was designed for the pupils in which Artificial Intelligence and the human mind worked in parallel. The topics covered in the learning unit ‘Continental Hydrosphere and the Anthropocene’ were identical in both classes. In the methodological experiment conducted, in one class the multimedia resources (slides) for one topic were created entirely by human intervention; for the second topic, the slides were generated using Artificial Intelligence models and then reviewed by the teacher. In the other class, the experiment involved the opposite approach. At the end of the teaching unit, a final assessment was set and returned to the pupils with standard marking. Finally, pupils were given a questionnaire with the aim of analysing the extent to which the use of AI influences information retention and the effectiveness of learning compared to a more ‘traditional’ approach.
L’insegnamento delle Scienze Naturali è oggi più che mai in una fase di trasformazione dinamica. Questo impone l’utilizzo di metodologie didattiche all’avanguardia con la necessità di modellare l’insegnamento alle esigenze della società attuale per garantire un apprendimento duraturo. Questo elaborato analizza il tirocinio svolto presso il Liceo Scientifico Statale ‘’Niccolò Copernico’’ di Pavia dove, con la supervisione del Professore M.Franceschi, è stato possibile mettermi alla prova nel ruolo di docente di Scienze Naturali. Ho potuto applicare strategie didattiche come l’introduzione di modelli LLM in particolare Chatbot accanto alla Didattica tradizionale con slide e lezioni frontali. Il lavoro inizia con una panoramica generale sull’Intelligenza Artificiale e sui concetti chiave previsti dalle Indicazioni Nazionali per i percorsi liceali (documento di riferimento per i docenti liceali). Successivamente viene delineato il quadro operativo dell’Unità di Apprendimento descrivendo il contesto scolastico, le classi coinvolte e le metodologie adottate. Il fulcro della tesi riguarda l’utilizzo dell’Intelligenza Artificiale concordata anche con il tutor universitario prof. Mauro Franceschi, docente di Didattica delle Scienze. Le lezioni sono state eseguite dalla sottoscritta in autonomia all’interno di due classi prime (1E - 1D). E’ stata strutturata per gli studenti un’esperienza in cui l’Intelligenza Artificiale e la mente umana hanno lavorato parallelamente. Gli argomenti dell’UdA ‘’Idrosfera Continentale e Antropocene’’, identici in entrambe le classi. Nella sperimentazione metodologica condotta, in una classe le risorse multimediali (slide) per un argomento sono state realizzate integralmente da intervento umano; per il secondo argomento le slide sono state generate mediante modelli di Intelligenza Artificiale poi revisionati dalla docente. Nell’altra classe la sperimentazione ha previsto l’opposto. Al termine dell’UdA era prevista la prova di verifica finale restituita agli studenti con regolare correzione. Infine è stato sottoposto agli studenti un questionario con l’obiettivo di analizzare in che misura l’impiego della IA influenzi la ritenzione delle informazioni e l’efficacia dell’apprendimento rispetto ad una impostazione più ‘’ classica’’.
Approccio e utilizzo di chatbot nella Didattica delle Scienze della scuola secondaria di secondo grado
GIULIANI, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
The teaching of Natural Sciences is, now more than ever, undergoing a period of dynamic transformation. This calls for the use of cutting-edge teaching methods, with a need to tailor teaching to the needs of today’s society in order to ensure lasting learning. This paper analyses the teaching placement undertaken at the ‘Niccolò Copernico’ State Scientific High School in Pavia, where, under the supervision of Professor M. Franceschi, I was able to put myself to the test in the role of a Natural Sciences teacher. I was able to apply teaching strategies such as the introduction of LLM models – in particular chatbots – alongside traditional teaching methods involving slides and lectures. The paper begins with a general overview of Artificial Intelligence and the key concepts set out in the National Guidelines for Sixth-Form Courses (the reference document for sixth-form teachers). It then outlines the operational framework of the Learning Unit, describing the school context, the classes involved and the methodologies adopted. The core of the thesis concerns the use of Artificial Intelligence, as agreed with my university tutor, Professor Mauro Franceschi, a lecturer in Science Education. The lessons were delivered by myself independently in two Year 1 classes (1E – 1D). An experience was designed for the pupils in which Artificial Intelligence and the human mind worked in parallel. The topics covered in the learning unit ‘Continental Hydrosphere and the Anthropocene’ were identical in both classes. In the methodological experiment conducted, in one class the multimedia resources (slides) for one topic were created entirely by human intervention; for the second topic, the slides were generated using Artificial Intelligence models and then reviewed by the teacher. In the other class, the experiment involved the opposite approach. At the end of the teaching unit, a final assessment was set and returned to the pupils with standard marking. Finally, pupils were given a questionnaire with the aim of analysing the extent to which the use of AI influences information retention and the effectiveness of learning compared to a more ‘traditional’ approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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TESI MAGISTRALE SARA GIULIANI.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi sperimentale di Laurea Magistrale in Conservazione della Biodiversità, Didattica e Comunicazione Scientifica (Curriculum 1: Metodologie Didattiche e Comunicazione Scientifica)
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/37302