The thesis aims to highlight the main historical and theoretical aspects of Sturm und Drang and Audra ir Veržimasis, and how these manifested in the course of time. In the 18th and 19th century, in Germany, Prussia and Lithuania was born a philosophy openly polemic towards the Aufklärung. This new philosophy was born from the need to affirm the religious tradition and faith, the value of sentiment and passion, the spirit and nature, both from a poetic and political point of view. The philosophy of Prussian Aufklärung and Lithuanian Apšvieta indeed appeared excessively rigorous and rational in front of these needs because it presented itself as the philosophy of universal reason. To the universality of reason then counterposed, as organ of knowledge, the peculiarity of sentiment, natural and mystic intuition, faith and desire, generally retained able to proceed beyond the limits of reason, oriented to knowledge of metaphysics, that is of the Infinity. The Nature and History are the manifestation of an absolute principle, which could be the transcendent divinity, Christian God, or more frequently the immanent divinity, God-Nature. The Sturm und Drang, that is Storm and Stress, was the movement which expressed this philosophy and poetics in Prussia and Germany and took the name from Maximilian Klinger’s drama entitled Sturm und Drang of 1776. The Sturm und Drang spread out progressively from the University of Königsberg in Prussia to the University of Vilnius in Lithuania through its university confraternities of Filomatai and Filaretai, and formed an analogous movement which was inspired by the Sturm und Drang and which took the name of Audra ir Veržimasis. Lithuanian Audra ir Veržimasis took in its turn the name from a quotation which appeared in Aloyzas Felinskisʼ drama Barbora Radvilaitė of 1817, and is the translation into Lithuanian of Sturm und Drang. The poetics and philosophy of Lithuanian Audra ir Veržimasis weave together with those of Prussian and German Sturm und Drang, manifesting a common cultural spirit.
La tesi si propone di evidenziare i principali aspetti storici e teorici dello Sturm und Drang e dell’Audra ir Veržimasis e come questi si manifestarono nel corso del tempo. In Germania, in Prussia e in Lituania, nel XVIII e nel XIX secolo, nacque una filosofia apertamente polemica verso l’Aufklärung. Questa nuova filosofia nacque dall’esigenza di affermare la tradizione religiosa e la fede, il valore del sentimento e della passione, lo spirito e la natura, sia in una prospettiva poetica, sia in una prospettiva politica. La filosofia dell’Aufklärung tedesco e dell’Apšvieta lituana infatti appariva eccessivamente rigorosa e razionale di fronte a tali esigenze poiché si presentava come la filosofia della ragione universale. All’universalità della ragione si contrappose allora, come organo di conoscenza, la peculiarità del sentimento, dell’intuizione naturale e mistica, della fede e del desiderio, in generale ritenuti capaci di procedere al di là dei limiti della ragione, volti alla conoscenza della metafisica, cioè dell’Infinito. La Natura e la Storia sono la manifestazione di un principio assoluto, che può essere la divinità trascendente, il Dio cristiano, o più spesso la divinità immanente, il Dio-Natura. Lo Sturm und Drang, cioè Tempesta e Impeto, fu il movimento che espresse tale filosofia e poetica in Prussia e in Germania e prese il nome dal dramma intitolato Sturm und Drang di Maximilian Klinger del 1776. Lo Sturm und Drang dall’Università di Königsberg in Prussia si diffuse progressivamente anche all’Università di Vilnius in Lituania attraverso le confraternite universitarie dei Filomatai e dei Filaretai, dove si formò un movimento analogo che si ispirò allo Sturm und Drang e che prese il nome di Audra ir Veržimasis. L’Audra ir Veržimasis lituano prese a sua volta il nome da una citazione presente nel dramma Barbora Radvilaitė di Aloyzas Felinskis del 1817, ed è la traduzione in lituano di Sturm und Drang. La poetica e la filosofia dell’Audra ir Veržimasis lituano si intrecciano a quelle dello Sturm und Drang prussiano e tedesco manifestando uno spirito culturale comune.
L’AUDRA IR VERŽIMASIS LITUANO. E IL RAPPORTO CON LO STURM UND DRANG PRUSSIANO. LA FILOSOFIA ROMANTICA
BERTAINA, FLAVIANO
2014/2015
Abstract
The thesis aims to highlight the main historical and theoretical aspects of Sturm und Drang and Audra ir Veržimasis, and how these manifested in the course of time. In the 18th and 19th century, in Germany, Prussia and Lithuania was born a philosophy openly polemic towards the Aufklärung. This new philosophy was born from the need to affirm the religious tradition and faith, the value of sentiment and passion, the spirit and nature, both from a poetic and political point of view. The philosophy of Prussian Aufklärung and Lithuanian Apšvieta indeed appeared excessively rigorous and rational in front of these needs because it presented itself as the philosophy of universal reason. To the universality of reason then counterposed, as organ of knowledge, the peculiarity of sentiment, natural and mystic intuition, faith and desire, generally retained able to proceed beyond the limits of reason, oriented to knowledge of metaphysics, that is of the Infinity. The Nature and History are the manifestation of an absolute principle, which could be the transcendent divinity, Christian God, or more frequently the immanent divinity, God-Nature. The Sturm und Drang, that is Storm and Stress, was the movement which expressed this philosophy and poetics in Prussia and Germany and took the name from Maximilian Klinger’s drama entitled Sturm und Drang of 1776. The Sturm und Drang spread out progressively from the University of Königsberg in Prussia to the University of Vilnius in Lithuania through its university confraternities of Filomatai and Filaretai, and formed an analogous movement which was inspired by the Sturm und Drang and which took the name of Audra ir Veržimasis. Lithuanian Audra ir Veržimasis took in its turn the name from a quotation which appeared in Aloyzas Felinskisʼ drama Barbora Radvilaitė of 1817, and is the translation into Lithuanian of Sturm und Drang. The poetics and philosophy of Lithuanian Audra ir Veržimasis weave together with those of Prussian and German Sturm und Drang, manifesting a common cultural spirit.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/5355