3D Printing: analysis of benefits and impact on the companies' value chain

Over the past years, new digital technologies have had a gradual application and extension from the consumer world to the business sector. This phenomenon has been described by many as a new industrial revolution, named Industry 4.0. Among these technologies, one of the most promising for the coming years and already known since decades is 3D printing. Historically, most of the production processes have been characterized by the use of subtractive techniques; on the opposite, 3D printing is characterized by an additive process, by superimposing layer upon layer of raw material. 3D printing can be considered as a disruptive technology that has the potential to completely reshape all the value chain, from the development up to the deliver of products to the market, including business models and production localisation as well. Moreover side benefits can be expected also on the environment by means of reduction of waste. Nowadays, 3D printing technology is already used in many different sectors, such as automotive, aerospace and healthcare. The aim of this thesis is to better understand this new technology, starting from an overview of how it evolved over time, its possible developments, and then analysing its impact on companies. In particular, the analysis is focused on investment and knowledge requirements, the advantages of early adoption, and the advantages of 3D printing performed in-house. In order to carry out the analysis, a range of companies which differ in terms of geographic localisation, sector and dimension has been involved by means of an online questionnaire.