This study present an analysis of the evolution and effects of political polarization in three Two-Party systems, namely the US, UK and Australia. The period described span from the 1980s to recent years and hence it involves the administrations of governments on opposites political sides. This study will focus in particular on how and why these Two-Party Systems, whose model is generally thought to be characterized by strong centripetal forces, faced increasing political polarization in the first decades of the new millennium after having experienced a period of decisive de-polarization in the 1980s and 1990s, expressed by the gradual adoption of neoliberal tendencies by center-left parties. In order to do this, I gather and compare the data produced by this analysis to verify it on the bases described in “The Cartel Party Theory” by Katz and Mair. Hence the first part of the study will begin by introducing the concept of political polarization and de-polarization, then it will focus on detailing the Cartel Party Theory, its causes and effects.The second part will describe the process of political convergence developing in the three case studies from the 1980s to the first decade of the 2000s by focusing on and comparing the policy action and thinking of opposite center-right and center-left administrations, in particular the Reagan and Clinton governments in the US, the Thatcher and Blair governments in the UK and the Hawke-Keating and Howard administrations in Australia. Finally, we will analyze the subsequent phase of polarization in each system along with the other consequences of the previous de-polarization to verify if they can be well described by the Cartel Party Theory.
Questo elaborato presenta un'analisi dell'evoluzione e degli effetti della polarizzazione politica in tre sistemi bipartitici: Stati Uniti, Regno Unito e Australia. Il periodo descritto spazia dagli anni '80 agli anni più recenti e quindi coinvolge le amministrazioni di governi appartenenti a schiere politiche opposte. Lo studio si concentrerà in particolare su come e perché questi sistemi bipartitici, il cui modello è generalmente ritenuto caratterizzato da forti forze centripete, sono andati incontro ad una crescente polarizzazione politica nei primi decenni del nuovo millennio dopo aver vissuto un periodo di decisiva de- polarizzazione soprattutto negli anni '80 e '90, espressa dalla graduale convergenza su posizioni di tendenza neoliberista da parte, in particolare, dei partiti di centro sinistra. Per fare ciò, ho raccolto e confrontato i dati prodotti da questa analisi per verificarla sulle basi descritte dalla “The Cartel Party Theory” di Katz e Mair. La prima parte dello studio introduce i concetti di polarizzazione e depolarizzazione politica, per poi concentrarsi sui dettagli della “Cartel party Theory”, le sue cause ed i suoi effetti. La seconda parte descrive il processo di convergenza politica che sviluppatosi nei tre casi selezionati dagli anni '80 al primo decennio degli anni 2000, concentrandosi sull'azione politica e il pensiero di amministrazioni opposte di centro-destra e centro-sinistra, in particolare i governi Reagan e Clinton negli Stati Uniti, i governi Thatcher e Blair nel Regno Unito insieme alle amministrazioni Hawke-Keating e Howard in Australia. Infine, analizzeremo la successiva fase di polarizzazione in ciascun sistema insieme alle altre conseguenze della precedente fase di depolarizzazione per verificare se possono essere ben descritte dalla “Cartel Party Theory”.
La "Cartel Party Theory" e i sistemi bipartitici: un'analisi comparativa sugli effetti della polarizzazione politica negli Stati Uniti, nel Regno Unito e in Australia.
PANZERI, GIOVANNI SEBASTIANO
2019/2020
Abstract
This study present an analysis of the evolution and effects of political polarization in three Two-Party systems, namely the US, UK and Australia. The period described span from the 1980s to recent years and hence it involves the administrations of governments on opposites political sides. This study will focus in particular on how and why these Two-Party Systems, whose model is generally thought to be characterized by strong centripetal forces, faced increasing political polarization in the first decades of the new millennium after having experienced a period of decisive de-polarization in the 1980s and 1990s, expressed by the gradual adoption of neoliberal tendencies by center-left parties. In order to do this, I gather and compare the data produced by this analysis to verify it on the bases described in “The Cartel Party Theory” by Katz and Mair. Hence the first part of the study will begin by introducing the concept of political polarization and de-polarization, then it will focus on detailing the Cartel Party Theory, its causes and effects.The second part will describe the process of political convergence developing in the three case studies from the 1980s to the first decade of the 2000s by focusing on and comparing the policy action and thinking of opposite center-right and center-left administrations, in particular the Reagan and Clinton governments in the US, the Thatcher and Blair governments in the UK and the Hawke-Keating and Howard administrations in Australia. Finally, we will analyze the subsequent phase of polarization in each system along with the other consequences of the previous de-polarization to verify if they can be well described by the Cartel Party Theory.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/622