The choice of this theme derives from the fact that Africa is my continent of origin and I am currently in Italy to continue my studies. I mainly chose Italy to learn a new language and until I became interested in the topic, I was not aware of the cooperative relations between Italy and African countries. Since then, I asked myself a question if Italy already entertains a co-operative relationship with African countries in the framework of ODA, why is the presence of Italy barely felt in these countries even though being a powerful nation and a member of the G7, how Italy demonstrate such a timid presence in Africa? Following these questions, I found it interesting to study Italy's development cooperation in Africa. The research, which is primarily a documentary research, is divided into four main areas. The first one talks about the history of this discipline in Italy, starting from the initial phase and studying every step until where we are in the present day. We studied how the Italian development cooperation was established together with all the key events and moments that marked its evolution. In the second chapter we studied the different existing channels in the development cooperation of the countries and how these channels are used in Italy. We later explained why the Italian preference is directed towards the multilateral channel. In the third part, our documentary research led us to analyze public aid for development in Africa. We have recalled that historically Italy began its development cooperation in Africa in the region of the Horn of Africa, an area to which Italy is very attached for its colonial past: in fact this area of Africa is considered to be a privileged area within the framework of ODA. Then we studied the numbers of the Italian ODA in Africa taking the case of four countries (Senegal, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Tunisia). The choice of these countries was motivated by the geographical position of each of these countries and by the fact that, in addition to the countries of the Horn of Africa, these countries are also considered as Italy's privileged partners. We took into account how much money Italy spends in these countries, the projects in which this money is being invested in, the tools and measures Italy implements in this sector and last but not the least the financiers. It is worth mentioning that our reference year was 2016. In the fourth chapter we tried to highlight some weaknesses that do not help development cooperation and that limit its efficiency by compromising the achievement of its objectives. Of course, we later tried to propose some solutions. Here in a nutshell the summary of our work that led me to resume the history of Italian ODA in Africa and to understand how Italy works in the framework of this cooperation, to analyze why Italy's action to help African countries in development is not always effective and efficient and then to propose some solutions.
La scelta di questo tema deriva dal fatto che l’Africa è il mio continente di origine e attualmente sono in Italia per proseguire i miei studi. Ho scelto l’Italia principalmente per imparare una nuova lingua e fino a quando non mi sono interessato all’argomento, non ero a conoscenza delle relazioni di cooperazione tra l’Italia e i Paesi africani. Da allora, mi sono posto una domanda: se l’Italia intrattiene una relazione di cooperazione nel quadro di APS con i paesi Africani, perché un paese così grande, membro del G7, come è Italia dimostra una presenza così timida in Africa? In seguito a queste domande, ho ritenuto interessante studiare la cooperazione allo sviluppo in Africa da parte dell’Italia. La ricerca, che è soprattutto una ricerca documentaria, si articola in quattro aree principali. La prima area parla della storia della disciplina in Italia; studiando tutte le tappe dalla fase iniziale a quella che stiamo vivendo adesso. Abbiamo studiato come é stata istituita la cooperazione italiana allo sviluppo e tutti i grandi momenti che hanno segnato la sua evoluzione. Nel secondo capitolo abbiamo studiato i differenti canali esistenti nella cooperazione allo sviluppo dei Paesi e come questi canali sono usati in Italia. In seguito abbiamo spiegato perché la preferenza italiana é indirizzata verso il canale multilaterale. Nel terzo, la nostra ricerca documentaria ci ha portato ad analizzare l’aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo in Africa. Abbiamo ricordato che storicamente l’Italia inizia la sua cooperazione allo sviluppo in Africa nella regione del Corno d’Africa, zona a cui l’Italia è molto legata per il suo passato coloniale: di fatto questa zona dell’Africa è considerata come zona privilegiata nel quadro dell’APS. Successivamente abbiamo studiato i numeri dell’APS italiano in Africa prendendo il caso di quattro paesi (Senegal, Mozambico, Etiopia, Tunisia). La scelta di questi paesi é stata motivata dalla posizione geografica di ciascuno di questi paesi e dal fatto che, oltre ai paesi del Corno dell’Africa, questi paesi sono anche considerati come partner privilegiati dell’Italia. Quindi abbiamo analizzato quanti soldi spende l’Italia in questi paesi, in quali progetti sono investiti i soldi, quali sono gli strumenti usati dall’Italia nel quadro di questo APS, chi sono i finanziatori. L’anno di riferimento scelto è stato il 2016. Nel quarto capitolo abbiamo provato a mettere in evidenza alcuni punti deboli che non aiutano la cooperazione allo sviluppo e che ne limitano l’efficienza compromettendo il raggiungimento dei suoi obbiettivi. Naturalmente abbiamo provato in seguito a proporre alcune soluzioni. Ecco in poche parole il riassunto del nostro lavoro che mi ha portato a riprendere la storia dell’APS italiano in Africa e a comprendere come agisce l’Italia nel quadro di questo cooperazione, a analizzare perché l’azione dell’Italia per aiutare i paesi africani in via di sviluppo non è sempre efficace ed efficiente e poi a proporre alcune soluzioni.
La cooperazione italiana allo sviluppo in Africa
NKO'O FOUMENA, EMMANUEL CYRILLE
2019/2020
Abstract
The choice of this theme derives from the fact that Africa is my continent of origin and I am currently in Italy to continue my studies. I mainly chose Italy to learn a new language and until I became interested in the topic, I was not aware of the cooperative relations between Italy and African countries. Since then, I asked myself a question if Italy already entertains a co-operative relationship with African countries in the framework of ODA, why is the presence of Italy barely felt in these countries even though being a powerful nation and a member of the G7, how Italy demonstrate such a timid presence in Africa? Following these questions, I found it interesting to study Italy's development cooperation in Africa. The research, which is primarily a documentary research, is divided into four main areas. The first one talks about the history of this discipline in Italy, starting from the initial phase and studying every step until where we are in the present day. We studied how the Italian development cooperation was established together with all the key events and moments that marked its evolution. In the second chapter we studied the different existing channels in the development cooperation of the countries and how these channels are used in Italy. We later explained why the Italian preference is directed towards the multilateral channel. In the third part, our documentary research led us to analyze public aid for development in Africa. We have recalled that historically Italy began its development cooperation in Africa in the region of the Horn of Africa, an area to which Italy is very attached for its colonial past: in fact this area of Africa is considered to be a privileged area within the framework of ODA. Then we studied the numbers of the Italian ODA in Africa taking the case of four countries (Senegal, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Tunisia). The choice of these countries was motivated by the geographical position of each of these countries and by the fact that, in addition to the countries of the Horn of Africa, these countries are also considered as Italy's privileged partners. We took into account how much money Italy spends in these countries, the projects in which this money is being invested in, the tools and measures Italy implements in this sector and last but not the least the financiers. It is worth mentioning that our reference year was 2016. In the fourth chapter we tried to highlight some weaknesses that do not help development cooperation and that limit its efficiency by compromising the achievement of its objectives. Of course, we later tried to propose some solutions. Here in a nutshell the summary of our work that led me to resume the history of Italian ODA in Africa and to understand how Italy works in the framework of this cooperation, to analyze why Italy's action to help African countries in development is not always effective and efficient and then to propose some solutions.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/71