This study is part of microeconomic optimization applied to the types of routes followed by airlines according to their business model. to the types of routes followed by the airlines according to the business model of membership. The vast existing literature on this subject divides the types of networks according to which according to which airlines configure their routes into two major macro-categories: Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected, associated respectively to the business model of the so-called respectively, associated with the business model of the so-called Flag and Low Cost Airlines. Recent studies have found increasing difficulties in adapting the actual route system adopted by dominant of routes adopted by dominant companies in a market, such as Ryanair for Europe for Europe, in one of the above-mentioned structures. Observing the conformation of the network composed of the routes served by Ryanair, one finds a structure defined as "mesh", i.e. a hybrid between the two extremes Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected. In this thesis the study of network optimization is deepened by considering the key parameters, thanks to a 'timely analysis of the fundamental contributions to this line of research. Subsequently, a model is proposed to Then a model is proposed to formalize the mesh structure of Ryanair, which allows to make a systematic comparison systematic comparison at the level of profit optimization, in line with the literature of reference. The model thus obtained following the Grafinon Theory only allows this comparison, allowing to determine which and under which conditions a type of network is the most profitable network is the more profitable, but it is configured like a generalized formulation of the number of connections obtained from a Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected structure, which will result in falling into the two extreme cases. Through the ultilizzo of the software of calculation Mathematica, the model comes applied first to small numbers for a testing phase, then to numbers related to the network of Ryanair, obtaining network of Ryanair, obtaining robust results. The model allows to formalize a more elastic structure and closer to the actual configuration of an airline. to the actual configuration of a dominant airline in the European market. Moreover, through the graphical representation of the indifference curves obtained obtained from the comparison of the different networks, always realized through the software, it is which structure is optimal according to the exogenous and endogenous parameters considered in the model. in the model. The work concludes with an in-depth analysis of the shock caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on the airline market. Covid-19 pandemic on the global and European aviation market, formulating possible scenarios and changes in the sector in question, based on available data, which will also involve the structure of air routes. also the structure of air routes.
Questo studio si inserisce nell' ambito dell' ottimizzazione microeconomica applicata alle tipologie di tratte seguite dalle compagnie aree in base al modello di business di appartenenza. La vasta letteratura esistente in questo suddivide le tipologie di network secondo cui le compagnie aeree configurano le loro rotte in due grandi macro-categorie: Hub and Spoke e Fully Connected, associate rispettivamente al modello di business delle cosiddette Compagnie di Bandiera e delle Compagnie Low Cost. Studi recenti riscontrano sempre maggiori difficolta' nell' adattare l' effettivo sistema di rotte adottato da compagnie dominanti in un mercato, come si configura Ryanair per l'Europa, in una delle sopra citate strutture. Osservando la conformazione del network composto dalle rotte servite da Ryanair, si ricava una struttura definita "a maglia", ovvero un ibrido tra i due estremi Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected. In questa tesi viene approfondito lo studio dell' ottimizzazione dei network considerandone i parametri chiave, grazie ad un' analisi puntuale dei contributi fondamentali a questo lone di ricerca. Successivamente viene proposto un modello per formalizzare la struttura a maglie di Ryanair, che permetta di effettuare un confronto sistematico a livello di ottimizzazione del profitto, in linea con la letteratura di riferimento. Il modello cosi' ottenuto seguendo la Teoria dei Grafinon solo permette questo confronto, consentendo di determinare quale e sotto quali condizioni una tipologia di network sia la piu' profittevole, ma si configura come una formulazione generalizzata del numero di connessioni ottenute da una struttura Hub and Spoke e Fully Connected, che risulteranno ricadere nei i due casi estremi. Attraverso l'ultilizzo del software di calcolo Mathematica, il modello viene applicato prima a piccoli numeri per una fase di testing, successivamente ai numeri relativi al network di Ryanair, ottenendo risultati robusti. Il modello consente dunque di formalizzare una struttura piu' elastica e piu' vicina all' effettiva configurazione di una compagnia aerea dominante nel mercato europeo. Inoltre, attraverso la rappresentazione grafica delle curve di indifferenza ottenute dalla comparazione dei diversi network, sempre realizzata attraverso il software, si evince quale struttura sia ottimale in base ai parametri esogeni ed endogeni considerati nel modello. Il lavoro si conclude con un' analisi approfondita dello shock causato dalla pandemia di Covid-19 sul mercato aereo mondiale ed europeo, formulando possibili scenari e cambiamenti del settore in questione, in base ai dati a disposizione, che coinvolgeranno anche la struttura delle tratte aeree.
Sull' Ottimizzazione dei Network: Teoria e Applicazioni al Mercato Aereo Europeo
VITALI, ELISA
2019/2020
Abstract
This study is part of microeconomic optimization applied to the types of routes followed by airlines according to their business model. to the types of routes followed by the airlines according to the business model of membership. The vast existing literature on this subject divides the types of networks according to which according to which airlines configure their routes into two major macro-categories: Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected, associated respectively to the business model of the so-called respectively, associated with the business model of the so-called Flag and Low Cost Airlines. Recent studies have found increasing difficulties in adapting the actual route system adopted by dominant of routes adopted by dominant companies in a market, such as Ryanair for Europe for Europe, in one of the above-mentioned structures. Observing the conformation of the network composed of the routes served by Ryanair, one finds a structure defined as "mesh", i.e. a hybrid between the two extremes Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected. In this thesis the study of network optimization is deepened by considering the key parameters, thanks to a 'timely analysis of the fundamental contributions to this line of research. Subsequently, a model is proposed to Then a model is proposed to formalize the mesh structure of Ryanair, which allows to make a systematic comparison systematic comparison at the level of profit optimization, in line with the literature of reference. The model thus obtained following the Grafinon Theory only allows this comparison, allowing to determine which and under which conditions a type of network is the most profitable network is the more profitable, but it is configured like a generalized formulation of the number of connections obtained from a Hub and Spoke and Fully Connected structure, which will result in falling into the two extreme cases. Through the ultilizzo of the software of calculation Mathematica, the model comes applied first to small numbers for a testing phase, then to numbers related to the network of Ryanair, obtaining network of Ryanair, obtaining robust results. The model allows to formalize a more elastic structure and closer to the actual configuration of an airline. to the actual configuration of a dominant airline in the European market. Moreover, through the graphical representation of the indifference curves obtained obtained from the comparison of the different networks, always realized through the software, it is which structure is optimal according to the exogenous and endogenous parameters considered in the model. in the model. The work concludes with an in-depth analysis of the shock caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on the airline market. Covid-19 pandemic on the global and European aviation market, formulating possible scenarios and changes in the sector in question, based on available data, which will also involve the structure of air routes. also the structure of air routes.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/739