In the new global context, the economic perspectives are heavily dependent on crises and uncertain events such as Brexit, trade wars, the global pandemic, and this has led investors to seek models that emphasize a more balanced risk management. This thesis, in fact, examines the various portfolio construction strategies in the context of risk budgeting, with an in-depth analysis of the Risk Parity strategy, a widely used approach characterized by excellent risk diversification. After presenting the global economic landscape of the last 20 years, Markowitz's Modern Portfolio Theory and the subsequent contributions made by Tobin and Sharpe with the CAPM are analyzed. Then, the traditional portfolio strategies, 60/40 and Minimum Variance, are presented, and then move away from the traditional framework of mean variance’s analysis and arrive at risk-based strategies. The main characteristics of these strategies are explored and the strategy for building the Maximum Diversification portfolio is analyzed. Afterwards, the Risk Parity strategy is dealt with in detail, starting from the origins of the "All Weather" approach, presenting the main features that have made it possible to highlight the limits of traditional strategies and the use of leverage. Subsequently, the main asset classes (shares, bonds and commodities) included in the portfolios are analyzed, which must be correctly diversified according to their correlation and dependence on the three main types of risk: equity risk premium, risk premium interest rate and inflation risk. The thesis continues with the presentation of the construction of a Risk Parity portfolio, in comparison with the Minimum Variance and Maximum Diversification strategies. At the end of the thesis, the main criticism of the portfolio constructed on the basis of Risk Parity was presented, which consists in the extensive use of leverage in the rebalancing process; some examples of rebalancing strategies are analyzed, which have made it possible to highlight the limits and potential of this approach.
Nel nuovo contesto globale le prospettive economiche dipendono fortemente da crisi ed eventi incerti come la Brexit, le guerre commerciali, la pandemia globale, e ciò ha portato gli investitori a ricercare modelli che enfatizzano una gestione più equilibrata del rischio. Il presente elaborato, infatti, prende in esame le diverse strategie di costruzione di portafoglio nel contesto risk budgeting, con un approfondimento sulla strategia Risk Parity, un approccio largamente diffuso e contraddistinto da un’ottima diversificazione del rischio. Dopo aver presentato il panorama economico globale degli ultimi 20 anni, viene analizzata la Teoria Moderna del Portafoglio di Markowitz e i successivi contributi apportati da Tobin e Sharpe con il CAPM. In seguito, si presentano le tradizionali strategie di portafoglio, 60/40 e Varianza Minima, per poi allontanarsi dal panorama tradizionale dell’analisi della varianza media e approdare alle strategie basate sul rischio. Vengono approfondite le principali caratteristiche di tali strategie e viene analizzata la strategia di costruzione del portafoglio Massima Diversificazione. In seguito, viene trattata nel dettaglio la strategia Risk Parity, a partire dalle origini dell’approccio "All Weather", presentando le principali caratteristiche che hanno permesso di evidenziare i limiti delle strategie tradizionali e l’utilizzo della leva. Successivamente, vengono analizzate le principali classi di attività (azioni, obbligazioni e materie prime) incluse nei portafogli, che devono essere adeguatamente diversificate in base alla loro correlazione e dipendenza dalle tre principali tipologie di rischio: premio per il rischio azionario, premio per il rischio del tasso di interesse e rischio di inflazione. L’elaborato prosegue con la presentazione della costruzione di un portafoglio Risk Parity, a confronto con le strategie Varianza Minima e Massima Diversificazione. A conclusione dell’elaborato, è stata presentata la principale critica al portafoglio costruito in base alla Risk Parity, che consiste nell’ampio utilizzo della leva nel processo di ribilanciamento; vengono analizzati alcuni esempi di strategie di ribilanciamento, che hanno permesso di mettere in luce i limiti e le potenzialità di tale approccio.
Gestione del portafoglio nel contesto di Risk Budgeting: l'approccio Risk Parity
FERRATO, DAIANA ANNA
2019/2020
Abstract
In the new global context, the economic perspectives are heavily dependent on crises and uncertain events such as Brexit, trade wars, the global pandemic, and this has led investors to seek models that emphasize a more balanced risk management. This thesis, in fact, examines the various portfolio construction strategies in the context of risk budgeting, with an in-depth analysis of the Risk Parity strategy, a widely used approach characterized by excellent risk diversification. After presenting the global economic landscape of the last 20 years, Markowitz's Modern Portfolio Theory and the subsequent contributions made by Tobin and Sharpe with the CAPM are analyzed. Then, the traditional portfolio strategies, 60/40 and Minimum Variance, are presented, and then move away from the traditional framework of mean variance’s analysis and arrive at risk-based strategies. The main characteristics of these strategies are explored and the strategy for building the Maximum Diversification portfolio is analyzed. Afterwards, the Risk Parity strategy is dealt with in detail, starting from the origins of the "All Weather" approach, presenting the main features that have made it possible to highlight the limits of traditional strategies and the use of leverage. Subsequently, the main asset classes (shares, bonds and commodities) included in the portfolios are analyzed, which must be correctly diversified according to their correlation and dependence on the three main types of risk: equity risk premium, risk premium interest rate and inflation risk. The thesis continues with the presentation of the construction of a Risk Parity portfolio, in comparison with the Minimum Variance and Maximum Diversification strategies. At the end of the thesis, the main criticism of the portfolio constructed on the basis of Risk Parity was presented, which consists in the extensive use of leverage in the rebalancing process; some examples of rebalancing strategies are analyzed, which have made it possible to highlight the limits and potential of this approach.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/750