Since the first appearance of the personal computer (1974) [1], human communication system underwent a drastic change. From model of information static and unidirectional where the communication has diffused one to many, more and more recently, it must be arrived at new “modality” in which everyone, from the communication expert since to the simplest of men, it must become a voice. Naturally, it had implied a reorganization of the society that has transformed little by little more and more in a “digital society” where everything is interconnected thanks to technology systems which starting from the last twenty years are transformed in pervasive instruments [2]. Even if it is positive in terms of an acceleration of communication system and better inclusion of users; it present however not few disadvantages, above all for who, which have all the possibility to interact with the daily system of communication, can’t assert this right inasmuch they have a limited access due to any form of motor disability [6]. The work presented in this thesis it suggest to analyse and understand the way in which person with specified form of motor disability too can interact with the communication system offered by computers and technology systems in generally. For this reason we starts with the description of the computer, as technology medium that has transformed the entire communication system evolved itself during an history which has continued more of fifty years. Specific interest will be given, in the way in which, it will possible to meet necessity and needs of disabled people, and how medical research, scientific and especially in the design [3], has successfully solved the problem bounded to the use of a classical model of interaction (Keyboard and mouse) especially, for who don’t own the complete mobility, that its transform onto a real barrier to his communication needs [8]. At the end will browsing the main tools used until today to assist the disabled with motor difficulties to interact with the machines reaching on new frontier that exploited multiple input modalities (technology typically defined as: multimodal) such as: eyetracker [16], integrated systems [11], etc… The whole is to discover and understand how people with difficulties too can however live their life without waivers. A particular interest will also give to the modality with which, in an alternative way, the new technologies can assist the motor injured onto the creation of texts without the utilization of textual modality input on physical keyboard.
Fin dalla prima apparizione del personal computer (1974) [1], il sistema di comunicazione degli esseri umani ha subito un drastico cambiamento. Da modelli d’informazione statica e unidirezionale dove la comunicazione si propaga da uno a molti, si è sempre più recentemente giunti a nuove “modalità” dove ciascuno, dall’esperto comunicatore sino al più semplice degli individui, può diventare una voce. Naturalmente, ciò ha comportato un riassetto della società che si è pian piano trasformata sempre più in una “società digitale” dove tutto è interconnesso dai sistemi tecnologici che a partire dall’ultimo ventennio si sono trasformati in strumenti pervasivi [2]. Sia pur tutto ciò positivo in termini di accelerazione della comunicazione e maggiore inclusione degli utenti; presenta comunque non pochi svantaggi, principalmente per chi, pur avendo tutte le possibilità di interagire con i sistemi di comunicazione odierni, non può esercitare questo diritto in quanto limitato nell’accesso per via di una qualsiasi forma di disabilità fisica [6]. Il lavoro qui presentato si propone di analizzare e comprendere il modo in cui anche gli individui con specifiche disabilità fisiche possano interagire con il sistema di comunicazione offerto dai computer e dai sistemi tecnologici in generale. Per questo motivo inizieremo con l’illustrare come il computer, quale mezzo tecnologico che ha trasformato l’intero sistema di comunicazione si è evoluto durante una storia durata più di cinquant’anni. Particolare interesse sarà dato al modo in cui, per venire incontro ai bisogni e alle necessità dei disabili, la ricerca in campo medico, scientifico e soprattutto del design [3], sia riuscita a risolvere il problema legato all’utilizzo di un classico modello di interazione (mouse + tastiera) che, per chi non è in possesso della piena capacità motoria, si trasforma in una vera e propria barriera al proprio bisogno di comunicare [8]. Infine saranno passati in rassegna i principali strumenti fino ad oggi utilizzati per assistere i disabili con difficoltà motoria a interagire con le macchine per giungere a nuove frontiere che sfruttino molteplici modalità d’input (tecnologie tipicamente definite come: multimodali) quali: eyetracker [16], sistemi integrati [11], ecc… Il tutto per scoprire e comprendere come anche le persone con difficoltà possano comunque vivere le proprie vite senza rinunce. Un interesse particolare sarà inoltre dato alle modalità con cui, in modo alternativo, nuove tecnologie assistano i disabili motori nella creazione di testo pur senza sfruttare modalità d’immissione testuale su tastiera fisica.
EYE TRACKING E TECNOLOGIE MULTIMODALI ASSISTIVE PER LA SCRITTURA
ALLÙ, GIUSEPPE
2014/2015
Abstract
Since the first appearance of the personal computer (1974) [1], human communication system underwent a drastic change. From model of information static and unidirectional where the communication has diffused one to many, more and more recently, it must be arrived at new “modality” in which everyone, from the communication expert since to the simplest of men, it must become a voice. Naturally, it had implied a reorganization of the society that has transformed little by little more and more in a “digital society” where everything is interconnected thanks to technology systems which starting from the last twenty years are transformed in pervasive instruments [2]. Even if it is positive in terms of an acceleration of communication system and better inclusion of users; it present however not few disadvantages, above all for who, which have all the possibility to interact with the daily system of communication, can’t assert this right inasmuch they have a limited access due to any form of motor disability [6]. The work presented in this thesis it suggest to analyse and understand the way in which person with specified form of motor disability too can interact with the communication system offered by computers and technology systems in generally. For this reason we starts with the description of the computer, as technology medium that has transformed the entire communication system evolved itself during an history which has continued more of fifty years. Specific interest will be given, in the way in which, it will possible to meet necessity and needs of disabled people, and how medical research, scientific and especially in the design [3], has successfully solved the problem bounded to the use of a classical model of interaction (Keyboard and mouse) especially, for who don’t own the complete mobility, that its transform onto a real barrier to his communication needs [8]. At the end will browsing the main tools used until today to assist the disabled with motor difficulties to interact with the machines reaching on new frontier that exploited multiple input modalities (technology typically defined as: multimodal) such as: eyetracker [16], integrated systems [11], etc… The whole is to discover and understand how people with difficulties too can however live their life without waivers. A particular interest will also give to the modality with which, in an alternative way, the new technologies can assist the motor injured onto the creation of texts without the utilization of textual modality input on physical keyboard.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/7516