This thesis contributes in investigating how female participation in the workforce, together with main related socio-demographic changes, has affected household incomes and their distribution in Italy. The Italian case has been investigated again, relying on theoretical and methodological knowledge of previous researches in the field of female employment and income inequality. The data employed in the analysis belong to the Bank of Italy’s Historical Archive of the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) for years between 2000 and 2016. From a methodological point of view the approach has been complemented and has enabled to fill previous researches gaps. Not only married women have been considered and they are no more divided between working women and inactive one. The choice of consider existing heterogeneity in working hours has allowed to examine part-time role in inequality increase. How female employment increase has affected income inequality has been analysed first at individual level and only later at the household one. The first analysis level has been performed with descriptive statistics and the second with two different decomposition methods, one for income sources and one for household types. To these a shift-share analysis and a counterfactual analysis have been applied. In Italy, even with regional differences, female employment has continued to grow with overall equalizing effects on household income distribution. With regard to socio-demographic changes, male breadwinner households reduction and single households increase have contributed in household income inequality drop. For the Italian case, part-time can contribute in inequality decline only in the case of female breadwinner households.
Questa tesi contribuisce ad investigare come la partecipazione femminile alla forza lavoro, insieme ai principali cambiamenti socio-demografici ad essa legati abbiano influito sui redditi famigliari e sulla loro distribuzione in italia. il caso italiano è stato nuovamente investigato basandosi sulla conoscenza teorica e metodologica delle passate ricerche in ambito di occupazione femminile e disuguaglianza di reddito. L’analisi è stata svolta utilizzando i datasets della Banca d’Italia sui bilanci delle famiglie italiane per gli anni tra il 2000 e il 2016. A livello metodologico l’approccio è stato arricchito ed ha permesso di colmare alcune lacune delle precedenti ricerche. Non sono state considerate solo le donne sposate e non si è più solo fatta la distinzione tra donne lavoratrici e inattive. La scelta di considerare l’eterogeneità esistente nelle ore lavorate ha permesso di indagare il ruolo del lavoro part-time nell’incremento della disuguaglianza. Come l’aumento di occupazione femminile ha influito sulla disuguaglianza di reddito è stato prima affrontato a livello individuale e solo successivamente a livello famigliare. Il primo livello di analisi è stato affrontato con statistica descrittiva mentre il secondo con due differenti metodi di decomposizione, uno per fonti di reddito ed uno per tipologie famigliari. A queste sono state poi applicate un’analisi shift-share ed una controfattuale. In italia anche se con differenze tra regioni, l’occupazione femminile ha continuato a crescere e gli effetti complessivi sulla distribuzione del reddito famigliare sono da considerare equalizzanti. Circa I cambiamenti socio-demografici, la diminuzione delle famiglie dove l’uomo è l’unico percettore di reddito e l’aumento delle famiglie single hanno conribuito alla diminzione della disuguaglianza di reddito famigliare. Nel caso dell’Italia il part-time può contribuire a diminuire la disuguaglianza solo nel caso degli uomini che non lavorano e con una moglie o partner che lavora a tempo pieno.
Partecipazione femminile alla forza lavoro e disuguaglianza di reddito famigliare in Italia
SEGATO, FEDERICO
2019/2020
Abstract
This thesis contributes in investigating how female participation in the workforce, together with main related socio-demographic changes, has affected household incomes and their distribution in Italy. The Italian case has been investigated again, relying on theoretical and methodological knowledge of previous researches in the field of female employment and income inequality. The data employed in the analysis belong to the Bank of Italy’s Historical Archive of the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) for years between 2000 and 2016. From a methodological point of view the approach has been complemented and has enabled to fill previous researches gaps. Not only married women have been considered and they are no more divided between working women and inactive one. The choice of consider existing heterogeneity in working hours has allowed to examine part-time role in inequality increase. How female employment increase has affected income inequality has been analysed first at individual level and only later at the household one. The first analysis level has been performed with descriptive statistics and the second with two different decomposition methods, one for income sources and one for household types. To these a shift-share analysis and a counterfactual analysis have been applied. In Italy, even with regional differences, female employment has continued to grow with overall equalizing effects on household income distribution. With regard to socio-demographic changes, male breadwinner households reduction and single households increase have contributed in household income inequality drop. For the Italian case, part-time can contribute in inequality decline only in the case of female breadwinner households.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/833