The concept of ‘social economy’ is gaining a great visibility and importance, and is becoming an even more established way of doing business. During the last decades, this way of doing business has been taking off also in developing countries, even though it faces some difficulties regarding its definition and the access to financial resources. The intent of this work is to carry out a research about the possible sources of funding available for social economy organizations in developing countries, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa regions. Therefore, the thesis deals with the concept of social economy and the issue of access to finance for social economy organizations in developing countries, and it then maps the possible sources of funding for social entrepreneurs in those countries. The first part of the work explains the concept of ‘social economy’, and the related one of ‘social entrepreneurship’, going back to its origins and it defines a general framework, talking about the different fields in which it is involved, the value and the impact that it produces. Then, ‘social economy’ is contextualized in the reality of the developing countries, such as countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and it is underlined the relation it has with the concepts of economic development and growth. Indeed, social economy aims at supporting an inclusive and sustainable growth contributing to economic development, but it also plays an important role in solving social and economic problems, emancipating disadvantaged parts of the population and communities all over the world, reducing poverty, and creating new job opportunities. Then the research overviews the challenges of social economy and highlights some of the limits that it has to face in developing countries, which consist in both a problem of definition and financing. In fact, the main problem for social economy organizations in developing countries is the lack of support funds, together with the lack of knowledge about the possibilities they have to get funds, and the lack of skills to integrate their projects to get social funds. Therefore, the work introduces the concept of social investment market and it explores the possibilities that social economy organizations could rely on to go beyond such limits and it describes the various sources available for these organizations to access to finance, from the conventional ones, such as grants, debt and equity, to the more innovative ones, such as impact investing, venture philanthropy and the contribution of foundations. In the last part, the work aims at demonstrating how some concrete realities have managed the funding of social oriented activities. To do this, three different cases are taken into consideration, and they are all part of a project supported by an Italian NGO, called VentodiTerra, which is expanding the social economy in the Middle East, focusing in particular on Palestine. The research compares the different ways in which those realities have faced the access to finance issue and have achieved the financial resources necessaries to make their activities practicable. Thanks to this research, it has been possible to map the sources of financing which are available for social economy organizations and social entrepreneurs in developing countries, and to systematize some real cases of projects supporting social economy, and then analyse them and connecting more specifically to the financing aspects.
Il concetto di "economia sociale" sta guadagnando una grande visibilità e importanza, e sta diventando un modo sempre più diffuso di fare business. Negli ultimi decenni questo tipo di business sta decollando anche nei paesi in via di sviluppo, anche se incontra ancora alcune difficoltà per quanto riguarda la sua definizione e l'accesso alle risorse finanziarie. L'intento di questo lavoro è di condurre una ricerca sulle possibili fonti di finanziamento disponibili per le organizzazioni che si occupano di economia sociale nei paesi in via di sviluppo, concentrandosi sulle regioni del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa. Pertanto, la tesi affronta il concetto di economia sociale e la questione dell'accesso ai finanziamenti per le organizzazioni dell'economia sociale nei paesi in via di sviluppo, e quindi offre una mappatura delle possibili fonti di finanziamento per gli imprenditori sociali in quei paesi. La prima parte del lavoro spiega il concetto di "economia sociale", e quello correlato di "imprenditoria sociale", risalendo alle sue origini, e definisce un quadro generale, parlando dei diversi campi in cui è coinvolto, il valore e l'impatto che produce. Quindi, l'economia sociale viene contestualizzata nella realtà dei paesi in via di sviluppo, come i paesi del Medio Oriente e del Nord Africa, ed è sottolineata la relazione che ha con i concetti di sviluppo economico e crescita. In effetti, l'economia sociale mira a sostenere una crescita inclusiva e sostenibile che contribuisce allo sviluppo economico, ma svolge anche un ruolo importante nella risoluzione dei problemi sociali ed economici, l’emancipazione di parti svantaggiate della popolazione e delle comunità di tutto il mondo, riduce la povertà e crea nuove opportunità di lavoro. Quindi la ricerca riassume le sfide dell'economia sociale e sottolinea alcuni dei limiti che deve affrontare nei paesi in via di sviluppo, che consistono sia in un problema di definizione che di finanziamento. In effetti, il problema principale per le organizzazioni che si occupano di economia sociale nei paesi in via di sviluppo è la mancanza di fondi di sostegno, insieme alla mancanza di conoscenza sulle possibilità di ottenere i suddetti fondi e delle competenze necessarie per integrare i loro progetti per ottenere fondi sociali. Pertanto, il lavoro introduce il concetto del mercato degli investimenti sociali ed esplora le possibilità che le organizzazioni che si occupano di economia sociale potrebbero intraprendere per superare questi limiti, e descrive le varie fonti disponibili per queste organizzazioni per accedere ai finanziamenti, da quelli convenzionali, come ad esempio concessioni, debito ed equity, a quelli più innovativi, come gli investimenti di impatto, la venture philanthropy e il contributo delle fondazioni. Nell'ultima parte, il lavoro vuole dimostrare come alcune realtà concrete abbiano gestito il finanziamento di attività orientate al sociale. Per fare questo, vengono presi in considerazione tre casi diversi, che fanno tutti parte di un progetto sostenuto da una ONG italiana, denominata VentodiTerra, impegnata nello sviluppo dell'economia sociale in Medio Oriente, concentrandosi in particolare sulla Palestina. La ricerca confronta i diversi modi in cui queste realtà hanno affrontato l'accesso al problema finanziario e hanno raggiunto le risorse finanziarie necessarie per rendere le loro attività praticabili. Grazie a questa ricerca, è stato possibile mappare le fonti di finanziamento disponibili per le organizzazioni dell'economia sociale e gli imprenditori sociali nei paesi in via di sviluppo e per sistematizzare alcuni casi reali di progetti a sostegno dell'economia sociale, per poi analizzarli e collegarli più specificamente gli aspetti finanziari.
Financing social economy in developing countries: the case of Vento di Terra
DOMPÈ, FEDERICA
2017/2018
Abstract
The concept of ‘social economy’ is gaining a great visibility and importance, and is becoming an even more established way of doing business. During the last decades, this way of doing business has been taking off also in developing countries, even though it faces some difficulties regarding its definition and the access to financial resources. The intent of this work is to carry out a research about the possible sources of funding available for social economy organizations in developing countries, focusing on the Middle East and North Africa regions. Therefore, the thesis deals with the concept of social economy and the issue of access to finance for social economy organizations in developing countries, and it then maps the possible sources of funding for social entrepreneurs in those countries. The first part of the work explains the concept of ‘social economy’, and the related one of ‘social entrepreneurship’, going back to its origins and it defines a general framework, talking about the different fields in which it is involved, the value and the impact that it produces. Then, ‘social economy’ is contextualized in the reality of the developing countries, such as countries in the Middle East and North Africa, and it is underlined the relation it has with the concepts of economic development and growth. Indeed, social economy aims at supporting an inclusive and sustainable growth contributing to economic development, but it also plays an important role in solving social and economic problems, emancipating disadvantaged parts of the population and communities all over the world, reducing poverty, and creating new job opportunities. Then the research overviews the challenges of social economy and highlights some of the limits that it has to face in developing countries, which consist in both a problem of definition and financing. In fact, the main problem for social economy organizations in developing countries is the lack of support funds, together with the lack of knowledge about the possibilities they have to get funds, and the lack of skills to integrate their projects to get social funds. Therefore, the work introduces the concept of social investment market and it explores the possibilities that social economy organizations could rely on to go beyond such limits and it describes the various sources available for these organizations to access to finance, from the conventional ones, such as grants, debt and equity, to the more innovative ones, such as impact investing, venture philanthropy and the contribution of foundations. In the last part, the work aims at demonstrating how some concrete realities have managed the funding of social oriented activities. To do this, three different cases are taken into consideration, and they are all part of a project supported by an Italian NGO, called VentodiTerra, which is expanding the social economy in the Middle East, focusing in particular on Palestine. The research compares the different ways in which those realities have faced the access to finance issue and have achieved the financial resources necessaries to make their activities practicable. Thanks to this research, it has been possible to map the sources of financing which are available for social economy organizations and social entrepreneurs in developing countries, and to systematize some real cases of projects supporting social economy, and then analyse them and connecting more specifically to the financing aspects.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/8543