The process of decision making is fundamental for social and economical interaction between people. Neuroeconomic studies have expanded the research on this topic. They have found an unknown ability, that could be reinforced, called Risk Intelligence, the act of managing risk cunningly. However, few of these studies provide a in-depth analysis on the inner workings of decision making in patients, especially in patients in the autistic spectrum (ASD). Identifying interfering variables with the process of decision making in people with social impairments was, therefore, interesting; especially when trying to describe the underlying mechanisms. Even though there is no actual research on the links between Risk intelligence and ASD, some hypothesis were formilesed in order to be tested in the future. Neurological indicators were investigated so that we could understand in which way the patterns of brain activation were associated with this atypical behavior. The objective for this desk-based research was to examine in a critical light this subject. it was shown that people with autism’s style of decision making is hyper-realistic, so that “cold” cognitive patterns, such as focus, were mostly inclined towards sensory informations from the outside rather than top-down influences. However the subjects responded better in the rational decision making during situations of uncertainty. From this point there is hope for a future detailed study on the Risk Intelligence of people with autism, with the purpose of unhinging implicit mechanisms of the analytical mindset of these patients, to understand how to favor and strengthen it in its forms, in order to achieve a more effective decision making, even socially. the proposed topic allows to examine in a critical light the atypical nature of the elaboration of the reward for both social and non-social stimuli: the decisions. These are an extremely important tiles, necessary for the choice between the goal-directed behaviors, biologically relevant for the person such as nutrition, learning and social interactions.
Il processo di decision making è fondamentale per l’interazione sociale ed economica delle persone. Gli studi di neuroeconomia hanno ampliato le ricerche su questo tema, trovando un’abilità finora sconosciuta potenziabile, che consente di gestire intelligentemente il rischio, definita Risk Intelligence. Tuttavia, poco è stato approfondito in merito ai meccanismi decisionali nella popolazione clinica, in particolare nei disturbi dello spettro autistico (ASD). È parso interessante, dunque, individuare variabili interferenti con il decision making in queste persone che hanno un impairment nelle social skills, cercando di descriverne i meccanismi sottostanti. Nonostante nessuna ricerca attuale approfondisca il legame tra Risk Intelligence e ASD, si è cercato di formalizzare ipotesi possibilmente testabili in futuro. Sono stati descritti i correlati neurobiologici, per capire in che modo le attivazione cerebrali offrano indizi sulle atipicità riscontrate nel comportamento di scelta. L’obiettivo principale di questa ricerca compilativa è stato porre in ottica critica l’argomento succitato. È stato riscontrato che lo stile decisionale delle persona con autismo è iper realista, per cui i processi cognitivi “freddi”, come l’ attenzione, sono maggiormente rivolti alle informazioni sensoriali in entrata e meno suscettibili alle influenze top-down. Nel campo delle decisioni razionali in situazioni di incertezza, è stato trovato che raggiungono risultati migliori rispetto ai gruppi di controllo. Su queste basi interessanti, si auspica ad un futuro approfondimento del Quoziente del rischio in persone con autismo, al fine di scardinare meccanismi impliciti della forma mentis analitica di questi pazienti, per capire come favorirla e potenziarla nelle sue forme, al fine di raggiungere capacità decisionali più efficaci anche in ambito sociale. L’argomento proposto permette di porre in ottica critica le atipicità dell'elaborazione della ricompensa per stimoli sia sociali che non sociali, quindi delle decisioni, quali tasselli estremamente importanti nella scelta tra i comportamenti goal-directed biologicamente rilevanti per la persona come l'alimentazione, l'apprendimento e le interazioni sociali.
Disturbi dello spettro autistico e Risk Intelligence
MILITELLO, GIUSY MARY
2019/2020
Abstract
The process of decision making is fundamental for social and economical interaction between people. Neuroeconomic studies have expanded the research on this topic. They have found an unknown ability, that could be reinforced, called Risk Intelligence, the act of managing risk cunningly. However, few of these studies provide a in-depth analysis on the inner workings of decision making in patients, especially in patients in the autistic spectrum (ASD). Identifying interfering variables with the process of decision making in people with social impairments was, therefore, interesting; especially when trying to describe the underlying mechanisms. Even though there is no actual research on the links between Risk intelligence and ASD, some hypothesis were formilesed in order to be tested in the future. Neurological indicators were investigated so that we could understand in which way the patterns of brain activation were associated with this atypical behavior. The objective for this desk-based research was to examine in a critical light this subject. it was shown that people with autism’s style of decision making is hyper-realistic, so that “cold” cognitive patterns, such as focus, were mostly inclined towards sensory informations from the outside rather than top-down influences. However the subjects responded better in the rational decision making during situations of uncertainty. From this point there is hope for a future detailed study on the Risk Intelligence of people with autism, with the purpose of unhinging implicit mechanisms of the analytical mindset of these patients, to understand how to favor and strengthen it in its forms, in order to achieve a more effective decision making, even socially. the proposed topic allows to examine in a critical light the atypical nature of the elaboration of the reward for both social and non-social stimuli: the decisions. These are an extremely important tiles, necessary for the choice between the goal-directed behaviors, biologically relevant for the person such as nutrition, learning and social interactions.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per contatti: unitesi@unipv.it
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/89