The objective of this thesis is to analyze the role of small and medium enterprises in the employment creation and commodity chains in Kyrgyzstan and finding appropriate ways of government policies for the improvement of SMEs conditions. The hypothesis is that the contribution of small and medium enterprises in the economy of the country is growing year-by-year showing in an average 40 percent in the gross domestic product of the country. Looking specifically, SMEs in landlocked Kyrgyzstan can be a catalyst of the economic growth, employment creation, and can be integrated into regional commodity chains within the years of active economic integration processes with its main economic partners like Russia and Kazakhstan within the Eurasian Economic Union and China with its multibillion Belt and Road Initiative. The research was based on the historical data taking into account the economic background of the country and the study covers only sovereign timeframe of the country starting from 1991 to 2019. The further progress of this thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 2 defines the economic background of Kyrgyzstan with the country overview and more historical analysis of the economic development since gaining independence and the impact of employment and commodity chains in the economy of Kyrgyzstan that constitutes the basis of thesis topic. From Chapter 3 onwards the focus is on SMEs in Kyrgyzstan and its financial conditions. The Chapter 4 comprises educational aspects of SMEs with the special focus on human capital and entrepreneurial education. In order to be able to grasp SMEs internationalization factors the Chapter 5 includes the role of international economic integration processes like EEU and BRI in the development of SMEs. The reason for choosing SMEs in Kyrgyzstan as a focus of the research was the author’s professional experience in project management in the Central Asian region oriented on human development and capacity building of SMEs. SMEs in Kyrgyzstan can be considered and interesting topic for academic research due to the geographical location and socioeconomic development of the country. The geographic closeness of Kyrgyzstan to rising China, common history with Russia and the aspiration to become a democratic state makes Kyrgyzstan to be a battlefield of geopolitical projects of superpowers and the role of economic institutions like SMEs in this case can be important as an engine of economic growth.
L'obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare il ruolo delle piccole e medie imprese nella creazione di occupazione e nelle commodity chains in Kirghizistan e trovare modi appropriati di politiche governative per il miglioramento delle condizioni delle PMI. L'ipotesi è che il contributo delle piccole e medie imprese nell'economia del paese stia crescendo di anno in anno, mostrando in media il 40% del prodotto interno lordo del paese. In particolare, le PMI in Kirghizistan possono essere un catalizzatore della crescita economica, della creazione di occupazione e possono essere integrate in commodity chains regionali grazie ai processi di integrazione economica attivi con i principali partner economici come la Russia e il Kazakistan, all'interno dell'Unione economica eurasiatica, e La Cina con la sua multibilionaria Belt and Road Initiative. La ricerca è basata su dati storici e tiene conto del background economico del paese mentre lo studio copre un lasso di tempo a partire dal 1991 al 2019. Il successivo sviluppo di questa tesi è strutturato come segue. Il capitolo 2 definisce il contesto economico del Kirghizistan con la panoramica del paese e un'analisi più storica dello sviluppo economico a partire da quando ha ottenuto l'indipendenza e l'impatto dell'occupazione e delle commodity chains nell'economia del Kirghizistan che costituisce poi la base del tema della tesi. Dal capitolo 3 in poi il focus è sulle PMI in Kirghizistan e sulle sue condizioni finanziarie. Il capitolo 4 comprende gli aspetti educativi e formativi delle PMI con particolare attenzione al capitale umano e all'educazione imprenditoriale. Al fine di comprendere i fattori di internazionalizzazione delle PMI, il capitolo 5 comprende il ruolo dei processi di integrazione economica internazionale come l'UEE e la BRI nello sviluppo delle PMI. Il motivo della scelta delle PMI in Kirghizistan come punto focale della ricerca è stata l'esperienza professionale dell'autore nella gestione dei progetti nella regione dell'Asia Centrale orientata allo sviluppo umano e al rafforzamento delle capacità delle PMI. Le PMI in Kirghizistan possono essere considerate un argomento interessante per la ricerca accademica a causa della posizione geografica e dello sviluppo socio-economico del paese. La vicinanza geografica del Kirghizistan alla crescente Cina, la storia comune con la Russia e l'aspirazione a diventare uno stato democratico rendono il Kirghizistan un campo di battaglia di progetti geopolitici di superpotenze e il ruolo delle istituzioni economiche come le PMI in questo caso può essere importante come motore di crescita economica.
Role of small and medium enterprises in the employment creation and commodity chains in Kyrgyzstan
KARIPOV, ERLAN
2018/2019
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the role of small and medium enterprises in the employment creation and commodity chains in Kyrgyzstan and finding appropriate ways of government policies for the improvement of SMEs conditions. The hypothesis is that the contribution of small and medium enterprises in the economy of the country is growing year-by-year showing in an average 40 percent in the gross domestic product of the country. Looking specifically, SMEs in landlocked Kyrgyzstan can be a catalyst of the economic growth, employment creation, and can be integrated into regional commodity chains within the years of active economic integration processes with its main economic partners like Russia and Kazakhstan within the Eurasian Economic Union and China with its multibillion Belt and Road Initiative. The research was based on the historical data taking into account the economic background of the country and the study covers only sovereign timeframe of the country starting from 1991 to 2019. The further progress of this thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 2 defines the economic background of Kyrgyzstan with the country overview and more historical analysis of the economic development since gaining independence and the impact of employment and commodity chains in the economy of Kyrgyzstan that constitutes the basis of thesis topic. From Chapter 3 onwards the focus is on SMEs in Kyrgyzstan and its financial conditions. The Chapter 4 comprises educational aspects of SMEs with the special focus on human capital and entrepreneurial education. In order to be able to grasp SMEs internationalization factors the Chapter 5 includes the role of international economic integration processes like EEU and BRI in the development of SMEs. The reason for choosing SMEs in Kyrgyzstan as a focus of the research was the author’s professional experience in project management in the Central Asian region oriented on human development and capacity building of SMEs. SMEs in Kyrgyzstan can be considered and interesting topic for academic research due to the geographical location and socioeconomic development of the country. The geographic closeness of Kyrgyzstan to rising China, common history with Russia and the aspiration to become a democratic state makes Kyrgyzstan to be a battlefield of geopolitical projects of superpowers and the role of economic institutions like SMEs in this case can be important as an engine of economic growth.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/8997