The modern world is a beautiful contradiction: everything is apparently simpler, and at the same time more complicated than it appears. Digitalization is one of the main effects of these antinomies: it has made things much easier and yet it conceals an unprecedented complexity. The basis of life is knowledge: knowing the digital world in depth – with all its opportunities and risks – is the first, fundamental step to be able to live adequately in the modern world without being overwhelmed by it. The present work, furnished with a brief exploratory study in support of what has been analyzed in literature and in the research world, investigates what Edgar Morin has defined as the “necessary kinds of knowledge” of our future. Therefore, we started from the Italian school as it is today in order to discuss its contradictions, difficulties and potentialities. The aim is to offer a reflection that originates from a specific interest in the difficulties of the Italian school system during the pandemic period and, in particular, in DAD and in the way teachers had to use it, often without an adequate formation. There is the awareness – illustrated throughout the chapters of this thesis – of a system which in our country has not managed to express with continuity and coherence a process of formation of secondary school teachers, even though the issue of digitalization and digital technologies in schools has often been addressed. Also because of the rapid succession of rules on both the formation and recruitment of teachers, nowadays the situation is still not clearly outlined and seems uncertain. The aim of this discussion is to explain how school, at all grade levels, cannot and must not be extraneous to digital technologies because young people need a “guide”, since precisely digital technologies may conceal many dangers if used incorrectly. Moreover, it is important to understand that digital education and digital learning require as much attention, planning and reflection as “traditional” didactics. Only in this way it would be possible to educate students to live in a peaceful, quiet and democratic digital future, as adults as well as citizens. This is why it is necessary to establish a dialogue between and with teachers, also starting with reflective questionnaires which can become a useful tool to initiate debate and discussion. We therefore wanted to create a questionnaire for a group of second-grade secondary school teachers and analyze the results that highlight positive and negative factors concerning the use of digital technologies in schools as well as of distance learning, developed especially during the pandemic period.
Il mondo moderno è un bellissimo controsenso: tutto è più semplice all’apparenza, e allo stesso tempo tutto è molto più complicato di quello che sembra. La digitalizzazione è uno degli effetti principali di queste antinomie: ha reso le cose estremamente semplici e, tuttavia, cela una complessità senza precedenti. La base della vita è la conoscenza: conoscere nel profondo il mondo digitale – con le sue opportunità e i suoi rischi – è il primo passo, fondamentale, per poter vivere in modo adeguato nel mondo moderno riuscendo a non esserne sopraffatti. In questo lavoro, corredato da una breve ricerca esplorativa a supporto di quanto analizzato nella letteratura e nel mondo della ricerca, ci si interroga quelli che potremmo definire con Edgar Morin i “saperi necessari” al nostro futuro. Dunque, siamo partiti dalla scuola italiana così com’è oggi anche per discuterne le contraddizioni, le difficoltà e le potenzialità. Ci si propone una riflessione che nasce da uno specifico interesse circa le difficoltà del sistema scolastico italiano durante il periodo pandemico e, in particolare, riguardo alla DAD e al modo in cui gli insegnanti hanno dovuto affrontarla, talora senza una formazione adeguata. Alla base, la consapevolezza – illustrata nei vari capitoli – di un sistema che nel nostro paese, pur affrontando il tema dell’informatizzazione e del digitale nelle scuole – non è riuscito a esprimere con continuità e coerenza un processo di formazione dei docenti della scuola secondaria, prima di tutto. Complici anche le normative in rapida successione sia sulla formazione dei docenti sia sul reclutamento, ancora oggi il quadro non sembra essere del tutto delineato e appare assai incerto. L’obiettivo di questa riflessione è quello di far comprendere quanto la scuola nei diversi gradi non possa più, e non debba essere, estranea al digitale in quanto i giovani hanno bisogno di una “guida” dal momento che, se usato in modo errato, proprio il digitale può nascondere diverse insidie. Inoltre, bisogna comprendere che l’educazione al digitale e all’apprendimento digitale necessitano di attenzione, progettazione e riflessione al pari della didattica “tradizionale”. Solo in questo modo sarà possibile formare gli alunni a vivere in un pacifico, sereno, democratico futuro digitale, come adulti e come cittadini. Per questo è necessario un confronto tra e con gli insegnanti anche a partire da questionari di riflessione che possano diventare utile dispositivo di dibattito e di discussione. Si è, quindi, voluto mettere a punto un questionario somministrato a un gruppo di docenti della scuola secondaria di II grado, e analizzarne i risultati che mettono in evidenza luci e ombre del digitale a scuola e della didattica a distanza, sviluppatasi in particolare durante il periodo pandemico.
Riscoprire il significato della scuola dopo la pandemia: influenze delle TIC sui processi educativi e sulla didattica
CAPORUSSO, MARTINA
2021/2022
Abstract
The modern world is a beautiful contradiction: everything is apparently simpler, and at the same time more complicated than it appears. Digitalization is one of the main effects of these antinomies: it has made things much easier and yet it conceals an unprecedented complexity. The basis of life is knowledge: knowing the digital world in depth – with all its opportunities and risks – is the first, fundamental step to be able to live adequately in the modern world without being overwhelmed by it. The present work, furnished with a brief exploratory study in support of what has been analyzed in literature and in the research world, investigates what Edgar Morin has defined as the “necessary kinds of knowledge” of our future. Therefore, we started from the Italian school as it is today in order to discuss its contradictions, difficulties and potentialities. The aim is to offer a reflection that originates from a specific interest in the difficulties of the Italian school system during the pandemic period and, in particular, in DAD and in the way teachers had to use it, often without an adequate formation. There is the awareness – illustrated throughout the chapters of this thesis – of a system which in our country has not managed to express with continuity and coherence a process of formation of secondary school teachers, even though the issue of digitalization and digital technologies in schools has often been addressed. Also because of the rapid succession of rules on both the formation and recruitment of teachers, nowadays the situation is still not clearly outlined and seems uncertain. The aim of this discussion is to explain how school, at all grade levels, cannot and must not be extraneous to digital technologies because young people need a “guide”, since precisely digital technologies may conceal many dangers if used incorrectly. Moreover, it is important to understand that digital education and digital learning require as much attention, planning and reflection as “traditional” didactics. Only in this way it would be possible to educate students to live in a peaceful, quiet and democratic digital future, as adults as well as citizens. This is why it is necessary to establish a dialogue between and with teachers, also starting with reflective questionnaires which can become a useful tool to initiate debate and discussion. We therefore wanted to create a questionnaire for a group of second-grade secondary school teachers and analyze the results that highlight positive and negative factors concerning the use of digital technologies in schools as well as of distance learning, developed especially during the pandemic period.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/2810