In this thesis, we present the realization of an ultrashort pulse fiber oscillator based on the Mamyshev architecture, one of the most promising architectures in the field of ultrafast fiber optic oscillators. Such a source exploits the nonlinear optical effect known as self-phase modulation to induce a spectral broadening of the pulse circulating in the oscillator, and the spectral filtering achieved by using two band-pass filters with non-overlapping transmission windows, to realize an equivalent saturable-absorber behaviour that induces the Mode-Locking regime. My Master Thesis project is part of a research line recently started at the Laser Source Laboratory (LSL) of the University of Pavia, where have been realized for the first time in Italy prototypes of low-power (tens of mW average power) and high-power (1 W) “Mamyshev” oscillators with performance at the state of the art. My thesis work, which had a pronounced experimental connotation, involved the characterization and use of commercially available fiber optic components in order to develop a low-power Mamyshev oscillator entirely in fiber optics, safely triggered by a low-cost external laser. The issue of the starting of the Mode-Locking regime in oscillators based on this architecture is, indeed, one of the main stumbling blocks hindering a full deployment, even in the industrial framework, of these devices. The triggering technique recently envisioned and proposed by LSL's research group exploits the single-longitudinal-mode sub-ns pulses produced by a simple Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG passive Q-switching microchip laser to achieve spectral broadenings up to ±10 nm around 1064 nm through the nonlinear optical effect of Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) in a simple single-mode polarization-maintaining passive fiber. Such spectrally broadened pulses are able to reliably trigger the Mode-Locking regime in the Mamyshev laser. In the experimental activity described here, in order to improve the performance of the Mamyshev oscillator, it was decided to explore the triggering of Mode-locking at a wavelength corresponding to the gain peak of the Yb-doped active fiber, centered at about 1030 nm. This wavelength is obtained by exploiting a trigger laser similar to those used in the previous work, in which by appropriately exploiting the phase-matching condition in a single-mode birefringent fiber, it is possible to produce a trigger pulse at about 1032 nm. The oscillator seeded at 1032 nm enters in the Mode-Locking regime safely and repeatedly at an incident pump power in the active fiber lower than 200 mW. To facilitate the launching of the seed pulse into a fiber cavity, a 2\times2 coupler, integrated into the resonant cavity, has been used. Two methods were investigated for spectral filtering: the first based on the use of two diffraction gratings in a Littrow configuration; the second based on the use of a Super Gaussian filter and a diffraction grating. The results obtained with the latter configuration proved to be very promising, being able to provide pulses compressible to about 75 fs duration with a pulse energy close to 5 nJ. Eventually, evaluations of possible fiber optic alternatives for the spectral filters were conducted, presenting the first promising results. More conclusive investigations regarding this point will be the subject of future developments in this work, along with investigation of the potential of this laser as an injector of fiber amplification stages.
In questa tesi, si presenta la realizzazione di un oscillatore in fibra ad impulsi ultracorti basato sull’architettura di Mamyshev, una delle architetture più promettenti nel settore degli oscillatori in fibra ottica a impulsi ultracorti. Tale sorgente sfrutta l’effetto ottico non-lineare noto come auto-modulazione di fase per indurre un allargamento spettrale dell’impulso circolante nell’oscillatore e il filtraggio spettrale ottenuto mediante l’utilizzo di due filtri passa-banda con finestre di trasmissione non sovrapposte fra loro, per realizzare un meccanismo assorbitore-saturabile equivalente che induce il regime di Mode-Locking. Il mio progetto di tesi si inserisce in un filone di ricerca recentemente iniziato presso il Laboratorio Sorgenti Laser (LSL) dell’Università di Pavia, dove sono stati realizzati i primi prototipi di oscillatori “Mamyshev” a bassa potenza (decine di mW di potenza media) ed alta potenza (1 W) in Italia, capaci di prestazioni allo stato dell’arte. Il mio lavoro di tesi, di marcata connotazione sperimentale, ha riguardato la caratterizzazione e l’utilizzo di componenti in fibra ottica facilmente reperibili in commercio al fine di sviluppare un oscillatore di Mamyshev di bassa potenza integralmente in fibra ottica, innescato in sicurezza da un laser esterno a basso costo. La problematica dell’innesco del regime di Mode-Locking in oscillatori basati su questa architettura è, infatti, uno degli scogli principali ad una piena diffusione, anche industriale di questi dispositivi. La tecnica di innesco recentemente ideata e proposta dal gruppo di ricerca di LSL, sfrutta gli impulsi sub-ns a singolo modo longitudinale prodotti da un semplice laser in Q-switching passivo Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG a microchip, per ottenere allargamenti spettrali fino a ±10 nm attorno i 1064 nm attraverso l’effetto ottico non lineare di Four-Wave Mixing in una semplice fibra passiva a singolo modo a mantenimento di polarizzazione. Tali impulsi allargati spettralmente sono in grado di innescare affidabilmente il regime di Mode-Locking nel laser Mamyshev. Nell’attività sperimentale qui descritta, allo scopo di migliorare le prestazioni dell’oscillatore di Mamyshev, si è deciso di esplorare l’innesco del Mode-locking ad una lunghezza d’onda corrispondente al picco di guadagno della fibra attiva drogata Yb, centrato a circa 1030 nm. Tale lunghezza d’onda è ottenuta sfruttando un laser d’innesco analogo a quello usato in precedenza, in cui sfruttando opportunamente la condizione di phase-matching nella fibra birifrangente a singolo modo e mantenimento di polarizzazione, è possibile produrre un impulso di innesco a circa 1032 nm. L’oscillatore iniettato a 1032 nm entra in regime di Mode-Locking in modo sicuro e ripetibile ad una potenza di pompa incidente nella fibra attiva minore di 200 mW. Per facilitare il lancio dell’impulso di innesco in una cavità in fibra, viene utilizzato un accoppiatore 2\times2, integrato nella cavità risonante. Per il filtraggio spettrale sono stati investigati due metodi: il primo basato sull’utilizzo di due reticoli di diffrazione in configurazione Littrow; il secondo basato sull’utilizzo di un filtro super-Gaussiano e di un reticolo di diffrazione. I risultati ottenuti con quest’ultima configurazione si sono dimostrati molto promettenti, permettendo di ottenere impulsi comprimibili fino a 75 fs di durata ed energie per impulso di poco inferiori a 5 nJ. Infine, sono state condotte valutazioni sulle possibili alternative in fibra ottica per i filtri spettrali, con risultati preliminari promettenti. Valutazioni più conclusive riguardo a questo punto saranno oggetto degli sviluppi futuri di questo lavoro, unitamente all’investigazione delle potenzialità di questo laser come iniettore di stadi di amplificazione in fibra ottica.
Prima dimostrazione sperimentale di un oscillatore di Mamyshev in fibra al femtosecondo di bassa potenza innescato da impulsi sub-ns a 1032 nm
YPI, XHOI
2023/2024
Abstract
In this thesis, we present the realization of an ultrashort pulse fiber oscillator based on the Mamyshev architecture, one of the most promising architectures in the field of ultrafast fiber optic oscillators. Such a source exploits the nonlinear optical effect known as self-phase modulation to induce a spectral broadening of the pulse circulating in the oscillator, and the spectral filtering achieved by using two band-pass filters with non-overlapping transmission windows, to realize an equivalent saturable-absorber behaviour that induces the Mode-Locking regime. My Master Thesis project is part of a research line recently started at the Laser Source Laboratory (LSL) of the University of Pavia, where have been realized for the first time in Italy prototypes of low-power (tens of mW average power) and high-power (1 W) “Mamyshev” oscillators with performance at the state of the art. My thesis work, which had a pronounced experimental connotation, involved the characterization and use of commercially available fiber optic components in order to develop a low-power Mamyshev oscillator entirely in fiber optics, safely triggered by a low-cost external laser. The issue of the starting of the Mode-Locking regime in oscillators based on this architecture is, indeed, one of the main stumbling blocks hindering a full deployment, even in the industrial framework, of these devices. The triggering technique recently envisioned and proposed by LSL's research group exploits the single-longitudinal-mode sub-ns pulses produced by a simple Nd:YAG/Cr:YAG passive Q-switching microchip laser to achieve spectral broadenings up to ±10 nm around 1064 nm through the nonlinear optical effect of Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) in a simple single-mode polarization-maintaining passive fiber. Such spectrally broadened pulses are able to reliably trigger the Mode-Locking regime in the Mamyshev laser. In the experimental activity described here, in order to improve the performance of the Mamyshev oscillator, it was decided to explore the triggering of Mode-locking at a wavelength corresponding to the gain peak of the Yb-doped active fiber, centered at about 1030 nm. This wavelength is obtained by exploiting a trigger laser similar to those used in the previous work, in which by appropriately exploiting the phase-matching condition in a single-mode birefringent fiber, it is possible to produce a trigger pulse at about 1032 nm. The oscillator seeded at 1032 nm enters in the Mode-Locking regime safely and repeatedly at an incident pump power in the active fiber lower than 200 mW. To facilitate the launching of the seed pulse into a fiber cavity, a 2\times2 coupler, integrated into the resonant cavity, has been used. Two methods were investigated for spectral filtering: the first based on the use of two diffraction gratings in a Littrow configuration; the second based on the use of a Super Gaussian filter and a diffraction grating. The results obtained with the latter configuration proved to be very promising, being able to provide pulses compressible to about 75 fs duration with a pulse energy close to 5 nJ. Eventually, evaluations of possible fiber optic alternatives for the spectral filters were conducted, presenting the first promising results. More conclusive investigations regarding this point will be the subject of future developments in this work, along with investigation of the potential of this laser as an injector of fiber amplification stages.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/33245